Geburtsassoziierte Plexusparese

Acker DB, Gregory KD, Sachs BP, Friedman EA (1988) Risk factors for Erb-Duchenne palsy. Obstetrics and Gynecology 71 (3 Pt 1): 389–92PubMed

Adson A (1922) The gross pathology of brachial plexus injuries. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 34, 351–357

Al-Qattan MM (2003) Obstetric brachial plexus palsy associated with breech delivery. Annals of Plastic Surgery 51 (3): 257–64; discussion 265PubMedCrossRef

Al-Qattan MM, al-Kharfy TM (1996) Obstetric brachial plexus injury in subsequent deliveries. Annals of Plastic Surgery 37 (5): 545–8CrossRef

Al-Qattan MM, Clarke HM, Curtis CG (1994) The prognostic value of concurrent clavicular fractures in newborns with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland) 19 (6): 729–30CrossRef

Al-Qattan MM, Clarke HM, Curtis CG (1995) Klumpke’s birth palsy. Does it really exist? Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland) 20 (1): 19–23CrossRef

Al-Qattan MM, El-Sayed AAF, Al-Zahrani AY, Al-Mutairi SA, Al-Harbi MS, Al-Mutairi AM, Al-Kahtani FS (2010) Obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a comparison of affected infants delivered vaginally by breech or cephalic presentation. The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume 35 (5): 366–9CrossRef

Alexander JM, Leveno KJ, Hauth J, Landon MB, Thom E, Spong CY, Gabbe SG (2006) Fetal injury associated with cesarean delivery. Obstetrics and Gynecology 108 (4): 885–90PubMedCrossRef

Alfonso DT (2011) Causes of neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases 69 (1): 11–6PubMed

Alfonso I, Alfonso DT, Price AE, Grossman JAI (2008) Cortical dysplasia and obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Journal of Child Neurology 23 (12): 1477–80PubMedCrossRef

Alfonso I, Palomino JA, DeQuesada G, Muniz I, Feingold M (1984) Picture of the month. Congenital varicella syndrome. American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960): 138 (6): 603–4

Alfonso I, Papazian O, Prieto G, Alfonso DT, Melnick SJ (2000) Neoplasm as a cause of brachial plexus palsy in neonates. Pediatric Neurology 22 (4): 309–11PubMedCrossRef

Alfonso I, Papazian O, Shuhaiber H, Yaylali I, Grossman JAI (2004) Intrauterine shoulder weakness and obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Pediatric Neurology 31 (3): 225–7PubMedCrossRef

Allen RH, Adler DG (2002) Severe brachial plexus injury in the posterior arm: An alternative explanation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 186 (6): 1377–8; author reply 1378PubMedCrossRef

Allen RH, Gurewitsch ED (2005) Temporary Erb-Duchenne palsy without shoulder dystocia or traction to the fetal head. Obstetrics and Gynecology 105 (5 Pt 2): 1210–2PubMedCrossRef

Allen RH, Sorab J, Gonik B (1991) Risk factors for shoulder dystocia: an engineering study of clinician-applied forces. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 77 (3): 352–5PubMed

Allen RH, Bankoski BR, Butzin CA, Nagey DA (1994) Comparing clinician-applied loads for routine, difficult, and shoulder dystocia deliveries. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 171 (6): 1621–7PubMedCrossRef

Allen RH, Cha SL, Kranker LM, Johnson TL, Gurewitsch ED (2007) Comparing mechanical fetal response during descent, crowning, and restitution among deliveries with and without shoulder dystocia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 196 (6): 539.e1–5CrossRef

Alsubhi FS, Althunyan AM, Curtis CG, Clarke HM (2011) Radial nerve palsy in the newborn: a case series. Canadian Medical Association Journal 183 (12): 1367–70PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2014) Executive summary: Neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Task Force on Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy. Obstetrics and Gynecology 123 (4): 902–4CrossRef

Anand P, Birch R (2002) Restoration of sensory function and lack of long-term chronic pain syndromes after brachial plexus injury in human neonates. Brain 125 (Pt 1): 113–22PubMedCrossRef

Assmus H, Antoniadis G (2008) Nervenkompressionssyndrome. Darmstadt: SteinkopffCrossRef

Auer T, Pinter S, Kovacs N, Kalmar Z, Nagy F, Horvath RA, Janszky J (2009) Does obstetric brachial plexus injury influence speech dominance? Annals of Neurology 65 (1): 57–66PubMedCrossRef

Aydin A, Ozkan T, Onel D (2004) Does preoperative abduction value affect functional outcome of combined muscle transfer and release procedures in obstetrical palsy patients with shoulder involvement? BMC Musculoskelet Disord 5:25

Backe B, Magnussen EB, Johansen OJ, Sellaeg G, Russwurm H (2008) Obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a birth injury not explained by the known risk factors. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 87 (10): 1027–32PubMedCrossRef

Bahm J (2003) Obstetric brachial plexus palsy–clinics, pathophysiology and surgical treatment] Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie 35 (2): 83–97PubMedCrossRef

Bahm J (2004) Secondary procedures in obstetric brachial plexus lesions. Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie 36 (1): 37–46PubMedCrossRef

Bahm, J, Noaman, H, Becker, M (2005) The dorsal approach to the suprascapular nerve in neuromuscular reanimation for obstetric brachial plexus lesions. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 115 (1): 240–4PubMed

Bahm J, Ocampo-Pavez C, Noaman H (2007) Microsurgical technique in obstetric brachial plexus repair: a personal experience in 200 cases over 10 years. Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury 2: 1PubMedPubMedCentral

Bahm J, Ocampo-Pavez C, Disselhorst-Klug C, Sellhaus B, Weis J (2009) Obstetric brachial plexus palsy: treatment strategy, long-term results, and prognosis. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 106 (6): 83–90PubMedPubMedCentral

Becker MHJ, Lassner F, Bahm J, Ingianni G, Pallua N (2002) The cervical rib. A predisposing factor for obstetric brachial plexus lesions. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, British Volume 84 (5): 740–3CrossRef

Bennet GC, Harrold AJ (1976) Prognosis and early management of birth injuries to the brachial plexus. British Medical Journal 1 (6024): 1520–1PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Bertelli JA, Ghizoni MF (2004) The towel test: a useful technique for the clinical and electromyographic evaluation of obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland) 29 (2): 155–8CrossRef

Birch R (2011) Birth lesions of the brachial plexus. In: Birch R (ed) Surgical disorders of the peripheral nerves, 2nd ed. London: Springer, pp 429–481CrossRef

Birch R, Ahad N, Kono H, Smith S (2005) Repair of obstetric brachial plexus palsy: results in 100 children. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, British Volume 87 (8): 1089–95CrossRef

Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry C (1998) Birth lesions of the brachial plexus. In Surgical disorders of the peripheral nerves. London: Churchill Livingstone, pp 209–233

Bisinella GL, Birch R, Smith SJM (2003) Neurophysiological prediction of outcome in obstetric lesions of the brachial plexus. Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland) 28 (2): 148–52CrossRef

Bowerson M, Nelson VS, Yang LJ-S (2010) Diaphragmatic paralysis associated with neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Pediatric Neurology 42 (3): 234–6PubMedCrossRef

Brunelli GA, Brunelli GR (1991) A fourth type of brachial plexus lesion: the intermediate (C7) palsy. Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland) 16 (5): 492–4CrossRef

Chang KW-C, Yang LJ-S, Driver L, Nelson VS (2014) High prevalence of early language delay exists among toddlers with neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Pediatric Neurology 51 (3): 384–9PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Chater M, Camfield P, Camfield C (2004) Erb’s palsy – Who is to blame and what will happen? Paediatrics & Child Health 9 (8): 556–560

Clay SA (1982) Osteomyelitis as a cause of brachial plexus neuropathy. American Journal of Diseases of Children 136 (12): 1054–6PubMed

Crofts JF, Ellis D, James M, Hunt LP, Fox R, Draycott T J (2007) Pattern and degree of forces applied during simulation of shoulder dystocia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 197 (2): 156.e1–6CrossRef

Curtis C, Stephens D, Clarke HM, Andrews D (2002) The active movement scale: an evaluative tool for infants with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. The Journal of Hand Surgery 27 (3): 470–8PubMedCrossRef

David M (2009) Zwischen Mythos und Wahrheit – Eduard Arnold Martin und die Geburt des späteren Kaiser Wilhelm des II. Retrieved from http://www.ggg-b.de/_download/unprotected/david_m_entbindung_kaiser_wilhelm_2.pdf

De Turckheim MC, Claver, JM, Paira M (1991) Costal exostoses, complicated in the neonatal period, by brachial plexus paralysis. A distinct entity of exostoses? Annales de Pédiatrie 38 (1): 23–5PubMed

Deering SH, Weeks L, Benedetti T (2011) Evaluation of force applied during deliveries complicated by shoulder dystocia using simulation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 204 (3): 234.e1–5CrossRef

Desurkar A, Mills K, Pitt M, Jan W, Sinisi M, Male I, Wraige E (2011) Congenital lower brachial plexus palsy due to cervical ribs. Dev Med Child Neurol 53 (2): 188–190PubMedCrossRef

Dunn DW, Engle WA (1985) Brachial plexus palsy: intrauterine onset. Pediatric Neurology 1 (6): 367–9PubMedCrossRef

Ecker JL, Greenberg JA, Norwitz ER, Nadel AS, Repke JT (1997) Birth weight as a predictor of brachial plexus injury. Obstetrics and Gynecology 89 (5 Pt 1): 643–7PubMedCrossRef

Evans-Jones G, Kay SPJ, Weindling AM, Cranny G, Ward A, Bradshaw A, Hernon C (2003) Congenital brachial palsy: incidence, causes, and outcome in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition 88 (3): F185–9CrossRef

Ezaki M, Malungpaishrope K, Harrison RJ, Mills JK, Oishi SN, Delgado M, Browne RH (2010) Onabotulinum toxin A injection as an adjunct in the treatment of posterior shoulder subluxation in neonatal brachial plexus palsy. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume 92 (12): 2171–7PubMedCrossRef

Gabriel SR, Thometz JG, Jaradeh S (1996) Septic arthritis associated with brachial plexus neuropathy. A case report. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume 78 (1): 103–5PubMed

Gasim T, Al Jama FE, Rahman MS, Rahman J (2014) Multiple repeat cesarean sections: operative difficulties, maternal complications and outcome. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine 58 (7-8): 312–8

Geutjens G, Gilbert A, Helsen K (1996) Obstetric brachial plexus palsy associated with breech delivery. A different pattern of injury. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, British Volume 78 (2): 303–6

Gherman R (1998) Catastrophic shoulder dystocia–what is the etiology? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 178 (2): 417PubMedCrossRef

Gherman RBC (2014) Task force on neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Washington: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologiscts

Gherman RB, Goodwin TM (1998) Shoulder dystocia. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology 10 (6): 459–63CrossRef

Gherman RB, Goodwin TM, Ouzounian JG, Miller DA, Paul RH (1997) Brachial plexus palsy associated with cesarean section: an in utero injury? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 177 (5): 1162–4PubMedCrossRef

Gherman RB, Ouzounian JG, Goodwin TM (1999) Brachial plexus palsy: an in utero injury? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 180 (5): 1303–7PubMedCrossRef

Gherman RB, Ouzounian JG, Satin AJ, Goodwin TM, Phelan JP (2003) A comparison of shoulder dystocia-associated transient and permanent brachial plexus palsies. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 102 (3): 544–8PubMed

Gherman RB, Chauhan S, Ouzounian JG, Lerner H, Gonik B, Goodwin TM (2006) Shoulder dystocia: the unpreventable obstetric emergency with empiric management guidelines. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 195 (3): 657–72PubMedCrossRef

Gibon E, Romana C, Vialle R, Fitoussi F (2015) Isolated C5-C6 avulsion in obstetric brachial plexus palsy treated by ipsilateral C7 neurotization to the upper trunk: outcomes at a mean follow-up of 9 years. The Journal of Hand Surgery European Volume. doi:10.1177/1753193415593493

Gilbert A (1995) Long-term evaluation of brachial plexus surgery in obstetrical palsy. Hand Clinics 11 (4): 583–94; discussion 594–5PubMed

Gilbert A, Raimondi P (1996) Evaluation of results of in obstetric plexus palsy. The elbow. International meeting on obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Heerlen, NL

Gilbert A, Tassin JL (1984) Surgical repair of the brachial plexus in obstetric paralysis. Chirurgie; Mémoires de l’Académie de Chirurgie 110 (1): 70–5PubMed

Gilbert A, Whitaker I (1991) Obstetrical brachial plexus lesions. Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland) 16 (5): 489–91CrossRef

Gilbert WM, Nesbitt TS, Danielsen B (1999) Associated factors in 1611 cases of brachial plexus injury. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 93 (4): 536–40PubMed

Gilbert A, Pivato G, Kheiralla T (2006) Long-term results of primary repair of brachial plexus lesions in children. Microsurgery 26 (4): 334–42PubMedCrossRef

Giunta R, Enders A, Lukas B, Marton M, Müller-Felber W (2010) Geburtstraumatische Armplexusparesen. Monatsschr Kinderheilk 158: 262–272CrossRef

Gonik B, Hollyer VL, Allen R (1991) Shoulder dystocia recognition: differences in neonatal risks for injury. American Journal of Perinatology 8 (1): 31–4PubMedCrossRef

Gonik B, McCormick EM, Verweij BH, Rossman KM, Nigro MA (1998) The timing of congenital brachial plexus injury: a study of electromyography findings in the newborn piglet. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 178 (4): 688–95PubMedCrossRef

Gonik B, Zhang N, Grimm MJ (2003) Prediction of brachial plexus stretching during shoulder dystocia using a computer simulation model. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 189 (4): 1168–72PubMedCrossRef

Gordon M, Rich H, Deutschberger J, Green M (1973) The immediate and long-term outcome of obstetric birth trauma. I. Brachial plexus paralysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 117 (1): 51–6PubMedCrossRef

Grobman WA (2014) Shoulder dystocia: simulation and a team-centered protocol. Seminars in Perinatology 38 (4): 205–9PubMedCrossRef

Gurewitsch ED, Johnson E, Hamzehzadeh S, Allen RH (2006) Risk factors for brachial plexus injury with and without shoulder dystocia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 194 (2): 486–92PubMedCrossRef

Haerle M (1997) Standardization of evaluation and classification of disability manifestations in traumatic brachial plexus birth injury-induced paralysis. Der Orthopäde 26 (8): 719–22PubMed

Haerle M, Gilbert A (2004) Management of complete obstetric brachial plexus lesions. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 24 (2): 194–200PubMedCrossRef

Hammad IA, Chauhan SP, Gherman RB, Ouzounian JG, Hill JB, Abuhamad AZ (2013) Neonatal brachial plexus palsy with vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: a case-control study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 208 (3): 229.e1–5CrossRef

Hankins GD, Clark SL (1995) Brachial plexus palsy involving the posterior shoulder at spontaneous vaginal delivery. American Journal of Perinatology 12 (1): 44–5PubMedCrossRef

Hankins GDV, Clark SM, Munn MB (2006) Cesarean section on request at 39 weeks: impact on shoulder dystocia, fetal trauma, neonatal encephalopathy, and intrauterine fetal demise. Seminars in Perinatology 30 (5): 276–87PubMedCrossRef

Hitschold T (2013) Schulterdystokie und konnatale Armplexusparese. Kommentar: Neuere Studien entlasten Geburtshelfer nicht. Frauenarzt 54 (12): 1178–1180

Jacoby MG (2008) The birth of Kaiser William II (1859–1941) and his birth injury. Journal of Medical Biography 16 (3): 178–83PubMedCrossRef

Jain V, Sebire NJ, Talbert DG (2005) Kaiser Wilhelm syndrome: obstetric trauma or placental insult in a historical case mimicking Erb’s palsy. Medical Hypotheses 65 (1): 185–91PubMedCrossRef

Jennett RJ, Tarby TJ (2001) Disuse osteoporosis as evidence of brachial plexus palsy due to intrauterine fetal maladaptation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 185 (1): 236–237PubMedCrossRef

Jennett RJ, Tarby TJ, Kreinick CJ (1992) Brachial plexus palsy: an old problem revisited. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 166 (6 Pt 1): 1673–6; discussion 1676–7PubMedCrossRef

Joseph JR, DiPietro MA, Somashekar D, Parmar HA, Yang LJS (2014) Ultrasonography for neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics 14 (5): 527–31PubMed

Kaplanoglu M, Karateke A, Un B, Akgor U, Baloğlu A (2014) Complications and outcomes of repeat cesarean section in adolescent women. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 7 (12): 5621–8PubMedPubMedCentral

Kehrer E (1934) Die Armlähmungen bei Neugeborenen. Stuttgart: Enke

Koenigsberger M (1980) Brachial plexus palsy at birth: Intrauterine or due to delivery trauma? Annals of Neurol 8 (2): 228

Krause M, Feige A (2000) Damage to the brachial plexus in vaginal delivery from breech presentation – correlation with reducing the extended arm. Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie 204 (6): 224–8PubMedCrossRef

Kreitzer M, O’Leary J (2009) Brachial Plexus injury at Cesarean Section. In: O’Leary J (ed) Shoulder dystocia and birth injury, 3rd ed. Totowa, USA: Humana Press, pp 249–255CrossRef

Kretschmer T, Antoniadis G, Assmus H (2014) Nervenchirurgie. Heidelberg: SpringerCrossRef

Lassner F, Becker M, Antoniadis G, Kretschmer T (2014) Verletzungen des Plexus brachialis. In: Kretscher T, Antoniadis G, Assmus H (eds) Nervenchirurgie. Heidelberg: Springer, pp 183–226CrossRef

Lerner HM, Salamon E (2008) Permanent brachial plexus injury following vaginal delivery without physician traction or shoulder dystocia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 198 (3): e7–e8CrossRef

Lipscomb KR, Gregory K, Shaw K (1995) The outcome of macrosomic infants weighing at least 4500 grams: Los Angeles County and University of Southern California experience. Obstetrics and Gynecology 85 (4): 558–64PubMedCrossRef

Lucas JW, Holden KR, Purohit DM, Cure JK (1995) Neonatal hemangiomatosis associated with brachial plexus palsy. Journal of Child Neurology 10 (5): 411–3PubMedCrossRef

Maillet M, Romana C (2009) Complete obstetric brachial plexus palsy: surgical improvement to recover a functional hand. Journal of Children’s Orthopaedics 3 (2): 101–8PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Malessy MJA, Pondaag W (2014) Neonatal brachial plexus palsy with neurotmesis of C5 and avulsion of C6: supraclavicular reconstruction strategies and outcome. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume 96 (20): e174PubMedCrossRef

Mallet J (1972) Obstetrical paralysis of the brachial plexus. II. Therapeutics. Treatment of sequelae. Results of different therapeutic technics and indications. Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Réparatrice de L’appareil Moteur 58 (Suppl 1): 192–6PubMed

Marcus JR, Clarke HM (2003) Management of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy evaluation, prognosis, and primary surgical treatment. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 30 (2): 289–306PubMedCrossRef

McBride MT, Hennrikus WL, Mologne TS (1998) Newborn clavicle fractures. Orthopedics 21 (3): 317–9; discussion 319–20PubMed

McFarland LV, Raskin M, Daling JR, Benedetti TJ (1986) Erb/Duchenne’s palsy: a consequence of fetal macrosomia and method of delivery. Obstetrics and Gynecology 68 (6): 784–8PubMed

McNally E, Sandin B, Wilkins R (1990) The ossification of the costal element of the seventh cervical vertebra with particular reference to cervical ribs. J Anat 170: 125–129PubMedPubMedCentral

Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom (1980) Aids to the Examination of the Peripheral Nervous System. Memorandum No 45

Metaizeau JP, Gayet C, Plenat F (1979) Brachial plexus birth injuries. An experimental study (author’s transl). Chirurgie Pédiatrique 20 (3): 159–63PubMed

Michaud LJ, Louden EJ, Lippert WC, Allgier AJ, Foad SL, Mehlman CT (2014) Use of botulinum toxin type A in the management of neonatal brachial plexus palsy. PM & R, The Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation 6 (12): 1107–19CrossRef

Millesi H (1992) Einteilung der Nervenschäden. In: Millesi H (ed) Chirurgie der peripheren Nerven. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg

Mollberg, M, Lagerkvist, A-L, Johansson, U, Bager, B, Johansson, A, Hagberg, H (2008) Comparison in obstetric management on infants with transient and persistent obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Journal of Child Neurology 23 (12): 1424–32PubMedCrossRef

Mollberg M, Wennergren M, Bager B, Ladfors L, Hagberg H (2007) Obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a prospective study on risk factors related to manual assistance during the second stage of labor. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 86 (2): 198–204PubMedCrossRef

Mollica F, Volti SL, Grasso A, De Simone D (1991) Familial congenital brachial palsy. American Journal of Medical Genetics 41 (3): 322–324PubMedCrossRef

Monod C, Voekt CA, Gisin M, Gisin S, Hoesli IM (2014) Optimization of competency in obstetrical emergencies: a role for simulation training. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 289 (4): 733–8PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Morris W (1955) Shoulder dystocia. Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Obsetrical Gynaecological Society. J Obstet Gynaecol Brit Empire 62: 302–306CrossRef

Mumenthaler M, Stöhr M, Müller-Vahl H (2007) Läsionenperipherer Nerven und radikuläre Syndrome, 9. Aufl. Stuttgart: Thieme

Naqvi AH, Alfonso DT, Flores P, Grossman JAI, Restrepo R, Alfonso I (2008) Resolution of brachial plexus palsy due to hemangioma after intravenous corticosteroid therapy. Journal of Child Neurology 23 (8): 956–8PubMedCrossRef

Narakas AO (1986) Injuries of the brachial plexus. In: Bora FJ (ed) The pediatric upper extremity: diagnosis and management. Philadelphia: Saunders, pp 247–258

Narakas AO (1987) Obstetrical brachial plexus injuries. In: Lamb D (ed) The paralysed hand. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp 116–135

Nehme A, Kany J, Sales-De-Gauzy J, Charlet JP, Dautel G, Cahuzac JP (2002) Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Prediction of outcome in upper root injuries. Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland) 27 (1): 9–12CrossRef

Nocon JJ, McKenzie DK, Thomas LJ, Hansell RS (1993) Shoulder dystocia: an analysis of risks and obstetric maneuvers. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 168 (6 Pt 1): 1732–7; discussion 1737–9PubMedCrossRef

O’Leary J (2009a) Delivery techniques. In: O’Leary J (ed) Shoulder dystocia and birth injury, 3rd ed. Totowa, USA: Humana Press, pp 89–105CrossRef

O’Leary J (2009b) In utero causation of brachial plexus injury: Myth or mystry? In: O’Leary J (ed) Shoulder dystocia and birth injury, 3rd ed. Totowa, USA: Humana Press, pp 147–162CrossRef

O’Leary J (2009c) Shoulder dystocia and birth injury, 3rd ed. Totowa, USA: Humana PressCrossRef

Ochoa J, Danta G, Fowler TJ, Gilliatt RW (1971) Nature of the nerve lesion caused by a pneumatic tourniquet. Nature 233 (5317): 265–6PubMedCrossRef

Ochoa J, Fowler TJ, Gilliatt RW (1972) Anatomical changes in peripheral nerves compressed by a pneumatic tourniquet. Journal of Anatomy 113 (Pt 3): 433–55PubMedPubMedCentral

Orth H (2011) Das Kind in der Vojta-Therapie: Ein Begleitbuch für die Praxis, 2. Aufl. München: Elsevier

Ouzounian JG, Korst LM, Phelan JP (1997) Permanent Erb palsy: a traction-related injury? Obstetrics and Gynecology 89 (1): 139–41PubMedCrossRef

Paradiso G, Grañana N, Maza E (1997) Prenatal brachial plexus paralysis. Neurology 49 (1): 261–2PubMedCrossRef

Parsch K, Pietrzak S (2007) Congenital multiple arthrogryposis. Der Orthopäde 36 (3): 281–90; quiz 291PubMedCrossRef

Pham CB, Kratz JR, Jelin AC, Gelfand AA (2011) Child neurology: Brachial plexus birth injury: what every neurologist needs to know. Neurology 77 (7): 695–7PubMedCrossRef

Poggi SH, Spong CY, Allen RH (2003a) Prioritizing posterior arm delivery during severe shoulder dystocia. Obstetrics and Gynecology 101 (5 Pt 2): 1068–72PubMed

Poggi SH, Ghidini A, Allen RH, Pezzullo JC, Rosenbaum TC, Spong CY (2003b) Effect of operative vaginal delivery on the outcome of permanent brachial plexus injury. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine 48 (9): 692–6PubMed

Poggi SH, Stallings SP, Ghidini A, Spong CY, Deering SH, Allen RH (2003c) Intrapartum risk factors for permanent brachial plexus injury. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 189 (3): 725–9PubMedCrossRef

Poggi SH, Allen RH, Patel CR, Ghidini A, Pezzullo JC, Spong CY (2004) Randomized trial of McRoberts versus lithotomy positioning to decrease the force that is applied to the fetus during delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 191 (3): 874–8PubMedCrossRef

Pollack RN, Buchman AS, Yaffe H, Divon MY (2000) Obstetrical brachial palsy: pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 43 (2): 236–46PubMedCrossRef

Pondaag W, Malessy MJA (2014) The evidence for nerve repair in obstetric brachial plexus palsy revisited. BioMed Research International 434619. doi:10.1155/2014/434619PubMedPubMedCentral

Pondaag W, Malessy MJA, van Dijk JG, Thomeer RTWM (2004) Natural history of obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a systematic review. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 46 (2): 138–44PubMedCrossRef

Pondaag W, Allen RH, Malessy MJA (2011) Correlating birthweight with neurological severity of obstetric brachial plexus lesions. BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 118 (9): 1098–103PubMedCrossRef

Raimondi P (1993) Evaluation of results of in obstetric plexus palsy. The hand. International meeting on obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Heerlen, NL

Russell S, Israel A, Grossman J (2009) Observations on the Etiology of Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy Based on Radiographic, Intraoperative, and Histologic Findings. In: O’Leary J (ed) Shoulder dystocia and birth injury, 3rd ed. Totowa, USA: Humana Press, pp 289–294CrossRef

Sadleir LG, Connolly MB (1998) Acquired brachial-plexus neuropathy in the neonate: a rare presentation of late-onset group-B streptococcal osteomyelitis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 40 (7): 496–9PubMedCrossRef

Schwenzer T, Bahm J (2013) Schulterdystokie und konnatale Armplexusparese. Kommentar: Datenlage legt teilweise andere Schlüsse nah. Frauenarzt 54 (12): 1175–1178

Sever J (1916) Obstetrical paralysis – an orthopaedic problem. J Bone Joint Surg Am s2-14: 456–475

Sharma RR, Sethu AU, Mahapatra AK, Pawar SJ, Nath A (2000) Neonatal cervical osteomyelitis with paraspinal abscess and Erb’s palsy. A case report and brief review of the literature. Pediatric Neurosurgery 32 (5): 230–3PubMedCrossRef

Shenaq SM, Bullocks JM, Dhillon G, Lee RT, Laurent JP (2005) Management of infant brachial plexus injuries. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 32 (1): 79–98, ixPubMedCrossRef

Smeltzer JS (1986) Prevention and management of shoulder dystocia. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 29 (2): 299–308PubMedCrossRef

Smith NC, Rowan P, Benson LJ, Ezaki M, Carter PR (2004) Neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Outcome of absent biceps function at three months of age. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume 86-A (10): 2163–70

Somasheka, D, Yang LJS, Ibrahim M, Parmar HA (2014) High-resolution MRI evaluation of neonatal brachial plexus palsy: A promising alternative to traditional CT myelography. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology 35 (6): 1209–13CrossRef

Spellacy WN (1998) Erb’s palsy without shoulder dystocia (letter) Am J Obstet Gynecol 179: 561PubMedCrossRef

Squitieri L, Larson BP, Chang KWC, Yang LJS, Chung KC (2013) Understanding quality of life and patient expectations among adolescents with neonatal brachial plexus palsy: a qualitative and quantitative pilot study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 38 (12): 2387–2397.e2PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Sunderland S (1990) Nerve Injuries and their Repair. A Critical Appraisal, 2nd ed. London: Livingstone

Talbert RJ, Michaud LJ, Mehlman CT, Kinnett DG, Laor T, Foad SL, Salisbury S (2011) EMG and MRI are independently related to shoulder external rotation function in neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 31 (2): 194–204PubMedCrossRef

Teichmann A, Wieg C, Vetter K (2013) Schulterdystokie und konnatale Armplexusparese. Stellungnahme. Frauenarzt 54 (12): 1180–1181

Tierney TS, Tierney BJ, Rosenberg AE, Krishnamoorthy KS, Butler WE (2008) Infantile Myofibromatosis: A Nontraumatic Cause of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy. Pediatric Neurology 39 (4): 276–278PubMedCrossRef

Tillmann BN (2005) Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen. Springer, Heidelberg

Towner D, Castro MA, Eby-Wilkens E, Gilbert WM (1999) Effect of mode of delivery in nulliparous women on neonatal intracranial injury. The New England Journal of Medicine 341 (23): 1709–14PubMedCrossRef

Trepel M (2015) Neuroanatomie – Struktur und Funktion, 6. Aufl. München: Elsevier, Urban & Fischer

Tse R, Nixon JN, Iyer RS, Kuhlman-Wood KA, Ishak GE (2014) The diagnostic value of CT myelography, MR myelography, and both in neonatal brachial plexus palsy. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology 35 (7): 1425–32PubMedCrossRef

Vathana T, Rust S, Mills J, Wilkes D, Browne R, Carter PR, Ezaki M (2007) Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of two ultrasound measures of humeral head position in infants with neonatal brachial plexus palsy. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume 89 (8): 1710–5CrossRef

Viebrock H, Forst B (2008) Bobath. Stuttgart: Thieme

Vojta V, Peters A (2007) Das Vojta-Prinzip, 3. Aufl. Heidelberg: Springer

Volpe J (1995) Neurology of the newborn. Philadelphia: Saunders

Vredeveld JW, Blaauw G, Slooff BA, Richards R, Rozeman SC (2000) The findings in paediatric obstetric brachial palsy differ from those in older patients: a suggested explanation. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 42 (3): 158–61PubMedCrossRef

Wall LB, Mills JK, Leveno K, Jackson G, Wheeler LC, Oishi SN, Ezaki M (2014) Incidence and prognosis of neonatal brachial plexus palsy with and without clavicle fractures. Obstetrics and Gynecology 123 (6): 1288–93PubMedCrossRef

Weinzweig N, Barr A (1994) Radial, ulnar, and median nerve palsies caused by a congenital constriction band of the arm: single-stage correction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 94 (6): 872–6PubMedCrossRef

Welsch H, Wischnik A, Lehner R (2011) Müttersterblichkeit. In: Schneider H, Husslein P, Schneider KTM (eds) Die Geburtshilfe, 4. Aufl. Heidelberg: Springer, pp 1208–1224

Wieg C, Vetter K, Teichmann AT (2013) Schulterdystokie und konnatale Armplexusparese. Frauenarzt 54 (8): 764–767

Yilmaz K, Calişkan M, Oge E, Aydinli N, Tunaci M, Ozmen M (1999) Clinical assessment, MRI, and EMG in congenital brachial plexus palsy. Pediatric Neurology 21 (4): 705–10PubMedCrossRef

Yoshida K, Kawabata H (2015) The Prognostic Value of Concurrent Phrenic Nerve Palsy in Newborn Babies With Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy. The Journal of Hand Surgery 40 (6): 1166–9PubMedCrossRef

Zaki MS, el Sabbagh MH, Aglan MS (2004) Familial congenital brachial palsy: a report of two affected Egyptian families. Genetic Counseling (Geneva, Switzerland)15 (1): 27–36

Springerpflege

2. Geburtsassoziierte Plexusparese

Zusammenfassung

Springerpflege

Zusammenfassung

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten