nach oben

Erschienen in:

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Techniken

verfasst von : Dominiek Beckers

Erschienen in: PNF in der Praxis

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Kapitel werden die einzelnen PNF-Techniken charakterisiert und deren Ziele benannt. Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, Indikationen bzw. Kontraindikationen werden beschrieben und ausführlich anhand von Beispielen und möglichen Modifikationen erläutert.

Vorheriges Kapitel PNF- Grundprinzipien und -Prozeduren

Nächstes Kapitel Befundaufnahme und Behandlung

Johnson und Saliba (1979) waren die ersten, die die Termini Stabilisierende Umkehr der Antagonisten, Dynamische Umkehr der Antagonisten, Kombination isotonischer Bewegungen und Wiederholter Stretch verwendeten (nicht publiziertes Kursskript des Institute of Physical Art 1979).

Knott und Voss (1968) beschreiben in der 1. und 2. Auflage von »Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation« diese Technik wie folgt: »Es wird sowohl für das agonistische als auch für das antagonistische Pattern abwechselnd Widerstand gegeben, ohne dass es zur Entspannung kommt.« In der 3. Auflage beschreiben Voss et al. (1985) diese Technik so: »Der Widerstand für das agonistische Pattern wird distal, und der für das antagonistische Pattern proximal gegeben.«.

Arai M et al (2001) Effects of the use of cross-education to the affected side through various resistive exercises of the sound side and settings of the length of the affected muscles. Hiroshima J Med Sci 50(3):65–73PubMed

Bonnar BP, Deivert RG, Gould TE (2004) The relationship between isometric contraction durations during hold-relax stretching and improvement of hamstring flexibility. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 44(3):258–261PubMed

Carter AM, Kinzey SJ, Chitwood LF, Cole JL (2000) PNF decreases muscle activity during the stretch reflex in selected posterior thigh muscles. J Sport Rehab 9(4):269–278CrossRef

Chalmers G (2004) Re-examination of the possible role of Golgi tendon organ and muscle spindle reflexes in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation muscle stretching. Sports Biomech 3(1):159–183CrossRef

Cornelius WL, Jensen RL, Odell ME (1995) Effects of PNF stretching phases on acute arterial blood pressure. Can J Appl Physiol 20(2):222–229CrossRef

Davis DS, Ashby PE, McCale KL, McQuain JA, Wine JM (2005) The effectiveness of 3 stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility using consistent stretching parameters. J Strength Conditioning Res 19(1):27–32

Deccicco PV, Fisher FM (2005) The effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on shoulder range of motion in overhand athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 45(2):183–187

Feland JB, Marin HN (2004) Effect of submaximal contraction intensity in contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. Br J Sports Med 38(4):e18CrossRef

Ferber R, Gravelle DC, Osternig LR (2002) Effect of PNF stretch techniques on trained and untrained older adults. J Aging Phys Activity 10(2):132–142CrossRef

Ferber R, Osternig LR, Gravelle DC (2002) Effect of PNF stretch techniques on knee flexor muscle EMG-activity in older adults. J Electromyography Kinesiol 12(5):391–397CrossRef

Funk DC, Swank AM, Mikla BM, Fagan TA, Farr BK (2003) Impact of prior exercise on hamstring flexibility: a comparison of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching. J Strength Conditioning Res 17(3):489–492

Johnson G, Saliba V (1979) nicht publiziertes Kursskript des Institute of Physical Art

Kabat H (1950) Studies on neuromuscular dysfunction, XII: Rhythmic Stabilization; a new and more effective technique for treatment of paralysis through a cerebellar mechanism. Perm Found Med Bull Viii 8(1):9–19

Klein-Vogelbach S (2000) Funktionelle Bewegungslehre. Lehren und Lernen, 5. Aufl. Rehabilitation und Prävention. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New YorkCrossRef

Knott M, Voss DE (1956) Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation: patterns and techniques. Harper and Row, New York

Knott M, Voss DE (1968) Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation: patterns and techniques, 2. Aufl. Harper and Row, New York

Kofotolis N, Eleftherios K (2006) Effects of two 4-week PNF programs on muscle endurance, flexibility and functional performance in women with CLBP. Phys Ther 86(7):1001–1012PubMed

Marek SM et al (2005) Acute effects of static and PNF stretching on muscle strength and power output. J Athl Train 40(2):94–103PubMedPubMedCentral

Moore MA, Kulkulka CG (1991) Depression of Hoffmann reflexes following voluntary contraction and implications for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation therapy. Phys Ther 71(4):321–329 (discussion 329–333)CrossRef

Olivo SA, Magee DJ (2006) Electromyographic assessment of the activity of the masticatory using the agonist contract – antagonist relax technique (AC) and contract – relax technique (CR). Man Ther 11(2):136–145CrossRef

Rothwell J (1994) Control of human voluntary movement. Chapman and Hall, CambridgeCrossRef

Rowlands AV, Marginson VF, Lee J (2003) Chronic flexibility gains: effect of isometric contraction duration during proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching techniques. Res Quart Exerc Sports 74(1):47–51CrossRef

Surburg PR, Schrader JW (1997) Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in sports medicine: a reassessment. J Athl Train 32(3):34–39PubMedPubMedCentral

Schuback B, Hooper J, Salisburg L (2004) A comparison of a self stretch incorporating PNF components and a therapist applied PNF technique on hamstring flexibility. Physiother 90(3):151–157CrossRef

Sherrington C (1961) The integrative action of the nervous system. Yale University Press, New Haven

Sullivan P, Markos P, Minor M (1982) An integrated approach to therapeutic exercise. Reston Publishing, Virginia

Voss DE, Ionta M, Myers BT (1985) Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, 3. Aufl. Lippincott, Philadelphia

Weerapong P, Hume PA, Kolt GS (2004) Stretching: mechanisms and benefits for sport performance and injury prevention. Phys Ther Rev 9(4):189–206CrossRef

Wenos DL, Konin JG (2004) Controlled warm-up intensity enhances hip range of motion. J Strength Conditioning Res 18(3):529–533

Akbulut T, Agopyan A (2015) Effects of an eight-week proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching program on kicking speed and range of motion in young male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 29(12):3412–3423CrossRef

Avela J, Finni T, Liikavainio T, Niemelä E, Komi PV (2004) Neural and mechanical responses of the triceps surae muscle group after 1 h of repeated fast passive stretches. J Appl Physiol 96:2325–2332CrossRef

Behm DG et al (2016) Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 41(1):1–11CrossRef

Beradelli AM, Hallet JC, Rothwell R, Agostino M, Manfredi PD, Thompson CD, Marsden CD (1996) Single joint rapid arm movements in normal subjects and in patients with motor disorders. Brain 119:661–664CrossRef

Bradley PS, Olsen PD, Portas MD (2007) The effect of static, ballistic and PNF stretching on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 21(1):223–226CrossRef

Chow TPY (2010) Active, passive and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching are comparable in improving the knee flexion range in people with total knee replacement: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 24:911–918CrossRef

Godges JJ, Matsen-Bell M, Thorpe D, Shah D (2003) The immediate effects of soft tissue mobilization with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on glenohumeral external rotation and overhead reach. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 32(12):713–718CrossRef

Hindle KB, Whitcomb TJ, Briggs WO, Hong J (2012) Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF): its mechanisms and effects on range of motion and muscular function. J Hum Kinet 31(1):105–113CrossRef

Kamimura T, Yoshkioka K, Ito S, Kusakabe T (2009) Increased rate of force development of elbow flexors by antagonist conditioning contraction. Hum Mov Sci 28(4):407–414CrossRef

Kandell ER, Schwarte JH, Gesell TM (2000) Principles of neural science. McGraw-Hill, New York

Kay AD, Dods S, Blazevich AJ (2016) Acute effects of contract-relax (CR) stretch versus a modified CR technique. Eur J Appl Physiol 116(3):611–621CrossRef

Kim JJ, Park SY (2016) Immediate effects of the trunk stabilizing exercise on static balance parameters in double-leg and one-leg stances. J Phys Ther Sci 28:1673–1675CrossRef

Konrad A, Stafilidis S, Tilp M (2016) Effects of acute static, ballistic, and PNF stretching exercise on the muscle and tendon tissue properties. Scand J Med Sci Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12725CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kwak DH, Ryu Y (2015) Applying proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching: optimal contraction intensity to attain the maximum increase in range of motion in young males. J Phys Ther Sci 27(7):2129–2132CrossRef

Mahieu NN, Cools A, De Wilde, Boon M, Witvrouw E (2009) Effect of PNF stretching on the plantar flexor muscle-tendon tissue properties. Scand J Med Sci Sports 19(4):553–560CrossRef

Markos PD (1979) Ipsilateral and contralateral effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on hip motion and electromyographic activity. Phys Ther 59(11):1366–1373CrossRef

Medeiros DM, Martini TF (2017) Chronic effect of different types of stretching on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion: systematic review and meta-analysis. Foot 34:28–35CrossRef

Moore M, Kukulka C (1988) Depression of H reflexes following voluntary contraction. Phys Ther 68(5):862

Moyano FR, Valenza MC, Martin LM, Caballero YC, Jimenez EG, Demet G (2012) Effectiveness of different exercises and stretching physiotherapy on pain and movement in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 27(5):409–417CrossRef

O’Hora J, Cartwright A, Wade CD, Hough AD, Shum G (2011) Efficacy of static stretching and PNF stretch on hamstrings length after a single session. J Strength Cond Res 25(6):1586–1591CrossRef

Rees SS, Murphy AJ, Watsford ML, McLachlan KA, Coutts A (2007) Effects of PNF stretching on stiffness and force producing characteristics of the ankle in active women. J Strength Cond Res 21(2):572–577PubMed

Rose-Jacobs R, Gilberti N (1984) Effect of PNF and Rood relaxation techniques on muscle length. Phys Ther 64(5):725

Sady SP, Wortman M, Blanke D (1982) Flexibility training: ballistic, static or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation? Arch Phys Med Rehab 63:261–263

Sato A, Schmidt RF (1973) Somatosympathetic reflexes: afferent fibers, central pathways, discharge characteristics. Physiol Rev 53(4):916–947CrossRef

Sharman MJ, Cresswell AG, Riek S (2006) Prorioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, mechanisms and clinical implications. Sports Med 36(11):929–939CrossRef

Shimamoto Y, Suzuki M, Mikhailenko SV, Yasuda K, Ishiwata S (2009) Inter-sarcomere coordination in muscle revealed through individual sarcomere response to quick stretch. PNAS 106(29):11954–11959CrossRef

Tanigawa MC (1972) Comparison of the hold-relax procedure and passive mobilization on increasing muscle length. Phys Ther 52(7):725–735CrossRef

Youdas JW, Haeflinger KM, Kreun MK, Holloway AM, Kramer CM, Hollman JH (2010) The efficacy of two modified PNF stretching techniques in subjects with reduced hamstring muscle length. Physiother Theory Pract 26(4):240–250CrossRef

Titel: Techniken
verfasst von: Dominiek Beckers
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: PNF in der Praxis
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-58402-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-58403-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58403-3_3

Springerpflege

Zusammenfassung

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten