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Erschienen in: Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 7/2007

01.11.2007 | Leitthema

Präklinische Intubation bei Trauma

Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturanalyse

verfasst von: Dr. M. Fischbacher, G. Matthes, C. Wölfl, S. Sauerland, AG Notfallmedizin der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie

Erschienen in: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin | Ausgabe 7/2007

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Zusammenfassung

Die orotracheale Intubation gilt als „Goldstandard“ zur Sicherung der Atemwege und Sicherstellung der Ventilation. Ihre Anwendung beim schwer verletzten Patienten in der Präklinik unterliegt jedoch aufgrund spezieller Gegebenheiten des verletzten Patienten selbst sowie der Rahmenbedingungen der Rettungssituation besonderen Umständen. So muss bei entsprechendem Verletzungsmechanismus stets eine Halswirbelsäulenverletzung angenommen und die Stabilisierung in der Achse angestrebt werden. Dennoch ist die Intubation präklinisch mit einer hohen Erfolgsquote durchführbar. Risiken können durch Komplikationen der meist notwendigen Narkoseeinleitung und eine Verlängerung der präklinischen Verweildauer auftreten. Da Notfallpatienten prinzipiell als „nicht-nüchtern“ gelten müssen, ist die Gefahr einer Aspiration deutlich erhöht. Eine eindeutige Indikation zur präklinischen Intubation besteht bei Atemwegsverlegung, gefährdeten Atemwegen (z. B. bei Blutungen im Nasen-Rachen-Raum, Bewusstlosigkeit), Apnoe oder einer Hypoxämie, die durch Sauerstoffgabe allein nicht beherrschbar ist. Eine (prophylaktische oder Schutz-) Intubation allein aufgrund von bestimmten Verletzungen (z. B. Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ohne Bewusstlosigkeit, Thoraxtrauma, multiple Frakturen) ohne gestörte Vitalfunktionen ist nicht generell indiziert. Besondere Umstände der Rettung und des Transports (lange Transportzeit/Hubschraubertransport) können hier jedoch eine Intubation rechtfertigen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Präklinische Intubation bei Trauma
Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturanalyse
verfasst von
Dr. M. Fischbacher
G. Matthes
C. Wölfl
S. Sauerland
AG Notfallmedizin der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2007
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin / Ausgabe 7/2007
Print ISSN: 1434-6222
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-0578
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-007-0970-z

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