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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

14. Psychische Krankheitsbilder und Entspannungstherapie

verfasst von : Christoph Burch

Erschienen in: Entspannungstechniken in der Physiotherapie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Die Grenzen zwischen „normalem“ Verhalten und psychischen Störungen sind fließend. Für die Definition psychischer Krankheit sind sowohl medizinische als auch gesellschaftliche Normen ausschlaggebend. Physiotherapeutische Methoden sind auch für psychisch Kranke von Bedeutung. Systemische Behandlungsansätze wie körperliches Training, Entspannungstechniken, Körperwahrnehmung und Verhaltensaktivierung vermögen direkt die mentalen Symptome der Krankheit zu beeinflussen. Die Depression geht mit einer charakteristischen Antriebs- und Motivationsschwäche einher. Dies führt zu einem schrittweisen Verlust an Aktivitäten, welche die Stimmung positiv verstärken. Demgegenüber ist Angst eine überlebenssichernde Emotion, die uns vor möglichen Gefahren schützt. Nimmt die Angst jedoch infolge einer Sensibilität überhand, kann sie die Gedanken dominieren, sich verselbstständigen und im Endeffekt auch zur Krankheit werden. Außergewöhnlich starke und einschneidende Lebensereignisse führen zu psychischem Stress. Anpassungs- und Belastungsstörungen sind die Folge. Sie müssen nicht zwangsläufig „krankhaft“ sein. Bestimmen die Gedanken an das Ereignis aber den Alltag und kommen maladaptive Verhaltensänderungen hinzu, entwickelt sich anhaltender Leidensdruck. Bei Depression, Angst und posttraumatischem Stress und etlichen weiteren psychischen Störungen sind Entspannungstechniken ein bedeutender Bestandteil des Managements. Da die meisten psychischen Störungen auch zu körperlichen Beschwerden führen, sind auch in der allgemeinen Praxis tätige Physiotherapeuten oftmals mit diesen Krankheitsbildern konfrontiert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Psychische Krankheitsbilder und Entspannungstherapie
verfasst von
Christoph Burch
Copyright-Jahr
2021
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63513-1_14