Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 7/2003

01.11.2003 | Psychologie/Psychiatrie

Nahtoderfahrungen

Phänomenologie, Erklärungsmodelle und klinische Bedeutung

verfasst von: Priv.-Doz. Dr. U. Fauth, A. Rümelin

Erschienen in: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin | Ausgabe 7/2003

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Menschen, die lebensbedrohliche Situationen überlebt haben, berichten gelegentlich über optische und akustische Wahrnehmungen, die als Nahtoderlebnis (Near-Death Experience, NDE) bezeichnet werden. In früheren Jahrhunderten nur in Einzelfällen erwähnt, gewinnt dieses Phänomen mit den Entwicklungen von Reanimatologie, Notfall- und Intensivmedizin zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass die seit etwa 4 Jahrzehnten stattfindende intensive wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit diesem Thema zwar eine Systematik in die Phänomenologie von Nahtoderlebnissen bringen konnte, plausible wissenschaftliche Erklärungen jedoch weiterhin ausstehen. Die diskutierten Erklärungsansätze umfassen sowohl biologische und neurophysiologische Modelle, aber auch psychologische Theorien. Transzendentale Erklärungen sehen in Nahtoderlebnissen einen Hinweis auf wissenschaftlich nicht erfassbare Dimensionen, einschließlich einem Leben nach dem Tod. Nahtoderlebnisse werden von den Betroffenen meist als positiv erlebt. Sie können die Wertvorstellungen in positivem Sinne beeinflussen, selten jedoch auch Einstellungen und Verhalten des Betroffenen in einer Weise verändern, die zu erheblichen Konflikten mit der Umwelt führt. In der Notfallmedizin Tätige müssen sich bewusst sein, dass der Patient im Rahmen eines Nahtoderlebnisses medizinische Maßnahmen sehr klar und objektiv miterlebt.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Alcock JE (1981) Pseudo-science and the soul. Essence 5: 65–76 Alcock JE (1981) Pseudo-science and the soul. Essence 5: 65–76
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bates BC, Stanley A (1985) The epidemiology and differential diagnosis of near-death experience. Am J Orthopsychiatry 55: 542–549PubMed Bates BC, Stanley A (1985) The epidemiology and differential diagnosis of near-death experience. Am J Orthopsychiatry 55: 542–549PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer M (1985) Near death experiences and attitude change. Anabiosis 5: 39–47 Bauer M (1985) Near death experiences and attitude change. Anabiosis 5: 39–47
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhowmick BK (1991) Recurrent near-death experience with post-vagotomy syndrome. J R Soc Med 84: 311 Bhowmick BK (1991) Recurrent near-death experience with post-vagotomy syndrome. J R Soc Med 84: 311
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Blackmore, S. J (1982) Beyond the body. An investigation of out the of body experiences. Heinemann, London Blackmore, S. J (1982) Beyond the body. An investigation of out the of body experiences. Heinemann, London
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Blackmore SJ (1993) Dying to live: science and the near-death experience. Grafton, London Blackmore SJ (1993) Dying to live: science and the near-death experience. Grafton, London
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Blackmore SJ, Troscianko TS (1989) The physiology of the tunnel. J Near Death Stud 8: 15–28 Blackmore SJ, Troscianko TS (1989) The physiology of the tunnel. J Near Death Stud 8: 15–28
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Blanke O, Landis T, Seeck M (2000) Electrical cortical stimulation of the human prefrontal cortex evokes complex visual hallucinations. Epilepsy Behav. 1: 356–361 Blanke O, Landis T, Seeck M (2000) Electrical cortical stimulation of the human prefrontal cortex evokes complex visual hallucinations. Epilepsy Behav. 1: 356–361
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Blanke O, Ortigue S, Landis T, Seeck M (2002) Stimulating illusory own-body perceptions. Nature 419: 269–270CrossRefPubMed Blanke O, Ortigue S, Landis T, Seeck M (2002) Stimulating illusory own-body perceptions. Nature 419: 269–270CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bressloff PC, Cowan JD, Golubitsky M, Thomas PJ, Wiener MC (2002) What geometric visual hallucinations tell us about the visual cortex. Neural Comput 14: 473–491CrossRefPubMed Bressloff PC, Cowan JD, Golubitsky M, Thomas PJ, Wiener MC (2002) What geometric visual hallucinations tell us about the visual cortex. Neural Comput 14: 473–491CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Carr D (1982) Pathopsychology of stress-induced limbic lobe dysfunction: a hypothesis for NDEs. Anabiosis 2: 75–89 Carr D (1982) Pathopsychology of stress-induced limbic lobe dysfunction: a hypothesis for NDEs. Anabiosis 2: 75–89
12.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Chari CTK (1982) Parapsychological reflections on some tunnel experiences. Anabiosis 2: 110–131 Chari CTK (1982) Parapsychological reflections on some tunnel experiences. Anabiosis 2: 110–131
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Corcoran DK (1988) Helping patients who’ve had near-death experiences. Nursing 18: 34–39 Corcoran DK (1988) Helping patients who’ve had near-death experiences. Nursing 18: 34–39
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Dlin BM (1980) The experience of surviving almost certain death. Adv Psychosom Med 10: 111–118PubMed Dlin BM (1980) The experience of surviving almost certain death. Adv Psychosom Med 10: 111–118PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Dlin BM, Stern A (1974) Survivors of cardiac arrest: the first few days. Psychsomatics 15: 61–67 Dlin BM, Stern A (1974) Survivors of cardiac arrest: the first few days. Psychsomatics 15: 61–67
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Dougherty CM (1990) The near-death experience as a major life transition. Holist Nurs Pract 4: 84–90PubMed Dougherty CM (1990) The near-death experience as a major life transition. Holist Nurs Pract 4: 84–90PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Drab KJ (1981) The tunnel experience: reality or hallucination? Anabiosis 1: 126–152 Drab KJ (1981) The tunnel experience: reality or hallucination? Anabiosis 1: 126–152
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Ehrenwald J (1974) Out of body experiences and the denial of death. J Nerv Ment Dis 159: 227–233PubMed Ehrenwald J (1974) Out of body experiences and the denial of death. J Nerv Ment Dis 159: 227–233PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Ewald G (1999) „Ich war tot“: ein Naturwissenschaftler untersucht Nahtod-Erfahrungen. Pattloch, Augsburg Ewald G (1999) „Ich war tot“: ein Naturwissenschaftler untersucht Nahtod-Erfahrungen. Pattloch, Augsburg
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Flynn CP (1982) Meanings and implications of NDE transformations, some preliminary findings and implications. Anabiosis 2: 3-13 Flynn CP (1982) Meanings and implications of NDE transformations, some preliminary findings and implications. Anabiosis 2: 3-13
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Frenk H, McCarty BC, Liebeskind JC (1978) Different brain areas mediate the analgesic and epileptic properties of enkephalin. Science 200: 335–337 Frenk H, McCarty BC, Liebeskind JC (1978) Different brain areas mediate the analgesic and epileptic properties of enkephalin. Science 200: 335–337
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Gallup, G, Proctor, W. (1982) Adventures in immortality: A look beyond the threshold of death. McGraw-Hill, New York Gallup, G, Proctor, W. (1982) Adventures in immortality: A look beyond the threshold of death. McGraw-Hill, New York
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Greyson B (1981) Near-death experiences and attempted suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 11: 10–16PubMed Greyson B (1981) Near-death experiences and attempted suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 11: 10–16PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Greyson B (1983) Near-death experiences and personal values. Am J Psychiatry 140: 618–620PubMed Greyson B (1983) Near-death experiences and personal values. Am J Psychiatry 140: 618–620PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Greyson B (1983) The near-death experience scale. Construction, reliability, and validity. J Nerv Ment Dis 171: 369–375PubMed Greyson B (1983) The near-death experience scale. Construction, reliability, and validity. J Nerv Ment Dis 171: 369–375PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Greyson B (1983) The psychodynamics of near-death experiences. J Nerv Ment Dis 171: 376–381PubMed Greyson B (1983) The psychodynamics of near-death experiences. J Nerv Ment Dis 171: 376–381PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Greyson B (1985) A typology of near-death experiences. Am J Psychiatry 142: 967–969PubMed Greyson B (1985) A typology of near-death experiences. Am J Psychiatry 142: 967–969PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Greyson B (1986) Incidence of near-death experiences following attempted suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 16: 40–45PubMed Greyson B (1986) Incidence of near-death experiences following attempted suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 16: 40–45PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Greyson B (1997) The near-death experience as a focus of clinical attention. J Nerv Ment Dis 185: 327–334CrossRefPubMed Greyson B (1997) The near-death experience as a focus of clinical attention. J Nerv Ment Dis 185: 327–334CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Greyson B (2003) Incidence and correlates of near-death experiences in a cardiac care unit. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 25: 269–276CrossRefPubMed Greyson B (2003) Incidence and correlates of near-death experiences in a cardiac care unit. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 25: 269–276CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Greyson B, Bush NE (1992) Distressing near-death experiences. Psychiatry 55: 95–110PubMed Greyson B, Bush NE (1992) Distressing near-death experiences. Psychiatry 55: 95–110PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Greyson B, Harris B (1987) Clinical approaches to the near-death experience. J Near Death Stud 6: 41–52 Greyson B, Harris B (1987) Clinical approaches to the near-death experience. J Near Death Stud 6: 41–52
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Greyson B, Stevenson I (1980) The phenomenology of near-death experiences. Am J Psychiatry 137: 1193–1196PubMed Greyson B, Stevenson I (1980) The phenomenology of near-death experiences. Am J Psychiatry 137: 1193–1196PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Harpur T (1992) Near-death experience denied. Can Med Assoc J 147: 1315–1316 Harpur T (1992) Near-death experience denied. Can Med Assoc J 147: 1315–1316
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayes ER, Waters LD (1989) Interdisciplinary perceptions of the near-death experience: implications for professional education and practice. Death Stud 13: 443–453 Hayes ER, Waters LD (1989) Interdisciplinary perceptions of the near-death experience: implications for professional education and practice. Death Stud 13: 443–453
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Heim A (1892) Notizen über den Tod durch Absturz. Jahrbuch Schweizer Alpenclub 27: 327–337 Heim A (1892) Notizen über den Tod durch Absturz. Jahrbuch Schweizer Alpenclub 27: 327–337
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Herzog DB, Herrin JT (1985) Near-death experiences in the very young. Crit Care Med 13: 1074–1075PubMed Herzog DB, Herrin JT (1985) Near-death experiences in the very young. Crit Care Med 13: 1074–1075PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Holden JM, MacHovec F (1993) Risk management in hypnotic recall of near-death experiences. Am J Clin Hypn 36: 38–46PubMed Holden JM, MacHovec F (1993) Risk management in hypnotic recall of near-death experiences. Am J Clin Hypn 36: 38–46PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat James PF (1989) Near-death experiences. Lancet 1110–1111 James PF (1989) Near-death experiences. Lancet 1110–1111
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Jansen KL (1990) Neuroscience and the near-death experience: roles for the NMSA-PCP receptor, the sigma receptor and the endopsychosins. Med Hypotheses 31: 25–29PubMed Jansen KL (1990) Neuroscience and the near-death experience: roles for the NMSA-PCP receptor, the sigma receptor and the endopsychosins. Med Hypotheses 31: 25–29PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Kellehear A (1993) Culture, biology, and the near-death experience. A reappraisal. J Nerv Ment Dis 181: 148–156PubMed Kellehear A (1993) Culture, biology, and the near-death experience. A reappraisal. J Nerv Ment Dis 181: 148–156PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Knoblauch H (1999) Todesnähe: Wissenschaftliche Zugänge zu einem außergewöhnlichen Phänomen. Universitätsverlag, Konstanz Knoblauch H (1999) Todesnähe: Wissenschaftliche Zugänge zu einem außergewöhnlichen Phänomen. Universitätsverlag, Konstanz
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Lempert T, Bauer M, Schmidt D (1994) Syncope and near-death experience. Lancet 344: 829–830CrossRef Lempert T, Bauer M, Schmidt D (1994) Syncope and near-death experience. Lancet 344: 829–830CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Lester D (2003) Depth of near-death experiences and confounding factors. Percept Mot Skills 96: 18PubMed Lester D (2003) Depth of near-death experiences and confounding factors. Percept Mot Skills 96: 18PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis DW, Watson ME (1987) Explaining the phenomena of near-death experiences. Am J Dis Child 141: 828 Lewis DW, Watson ME (1987) Explaining the phenomena of near-death experiences. Am J Dis Child 141: 828
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindley JH, Bryan S, Honley B (1981) Near death experiences in a Pacific North West American population: the evergreen study. Anabiosis 1: 104–125 Lindley JH, Bryan S, Honley B (1981) Near death experiences in a Pacific North West American population: the evergreen study. Anabiosis 1: 104–125
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Locke TP, Shontz FC (1983) Personality correlates of the near-death experience: a preliminary study. J Am Soc Psychic Res 77: 311–318 Locke TP, Shontz FC (1983) Personality correlates of the near-death experience: a preliminary study. J Am Soc Psychic Res 77: 311–318
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Manley LK (1996) Enchanted journeys: near-death experiences and the emergency nurse. J Emerg Nurs 22: 311–316PubMed Manley LK (1996) Enchanted journeys: near-death experiences and the emergency nurse. J Emerg Nurs 22: 311–316PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Moody RA(1975) Life after life. Bantam, New York Moody RA(1975) Life after life. Bantam, New York
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Moody RA (1977) Near-death experiences: dilemma for the clinician. Va Med 104: 687–690PubMed Moody RA (1977) Near-death experiences: dilemma for the clinician. Va Med 104: 687–690PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Moody RA (2001) Leben nach dem Tod. Rowohlt, Reinbek Moody RA (2001) Leben nach dem Tod. Rowohlt, Reinbek
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Morse ML (1983) A near-death experience in a 7-year-old child. Am J Dis Child 137: 959–961PubMed Morse ML (1983) A near-death experience in a 7-year-old child. Am J Dis Child 137: 959–961PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Morse ML (1994) Near-death experiences of children. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 11: 139–144PubMed Morse ML (1994) Near-death experiences of children. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 11: 139–144PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Morse ML, Castillo P, Venecia D, Milstein J, Tyler DC (1986) Childhood near-death experiences. Am J Dis Child 140: 1110–1114PubMed Morse ML, Castillo P, Venecia D, Milstein J, Tyler DC (1986) Childhood near-death experiences. Am J Dis Child 140: 1110–1114PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Morse ML, Conner D, Tyler D (1985) Near-death experiences in a pediatric population. A preliminary report. Am J Dis Child 139: 595–600PubMed Morse ML, Conner D, Tyler D (1985) Near-death experiences in a pediatric population. A preliminary report. Am J Dis Child 139: 595–600PubMed
59.
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Negovsky VA (1982) Reanimatology today: Some scientific and philosophic considerations. Crit Care Med 10: 130–133PubMed Negovsky VA (1982) Reanimatology today: Some scientific and philosophic considerations. Crit Care Med 10: 130–133PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Negovsky VA (1988) Postresuscitation disease. Crit Care Med 16: 942–946PubMed Negovsky VA (1988) Postresuscitation disease. Crit Care Med 16: 942–946PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Noyes R (1980) Attitude changes following near-death experiences. Psychiatry 43: 234–242PubMed Noyes R (1980) Attitude changes following near-death experiences. Psychiatry 43: 234–242PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Noyes R (1982) The human experience of death, or what can we learn from near death experiences. Omega 13: 251–259 Noyes R (1982) The human experience of death, or what can we learn from near death experiences. Omega 13: 251–259
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Noyes R, Hoenk PR, Kuperman S, Slymen DJ (1977) Depersonalization in accident victims and psychiatric patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 164: 401–407PubMed Noyes R, Hoenk PR, Kuperman S, Slymen DJ (1977) Depersonalization in accident victims and psychiatric patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 164: 401–407PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Noyes R, Kletti R (1976) Depersonalization in the face of life-threatening danger: a description. Psychiatry 39: 19–27PubMed Noyes R, Kletti R (1976) Depersonalization in the face of life-threatening danger: a description. Psychiatry 39: 19–27PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Noyes R, Kletti R (1977) Panoramic memory: a response to the threat of death. Omega 8: 181–194 Noyes R, Kletti R (1977) Panoramic memory: a response to the threat of death. Omega 8: 181–194
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Oakes AR (1981) Near-death events and critical care nursing. Top Clin Nurs 3: 61–78PubMed Oakes AR (1981) Near-death events and critical care nursing. Top Clin Nurs 3: 61–78PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Orne RM (1995) The meaning of survival: the early aftermath of a near-death experience. Res Nurs Health 18: 239–247PubMed Orne RM (1995) The meaning of survival: the early aftermath of a near-death experience. Res Nurs Health 18: 239–247PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Osis K, Haraldsson E (1977) Deathbed observations by physicans and nurses: a cross-cultural survey. J Am Soc Psychic Res 71: 237–259 Osis K, Haraldsson E (1977) Deathbed observations by physicans and nurses: a cross-cultural survey. J Am Soc Psychic Res 71: 237–259
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Owens JE, Cook EW, Stevenson I (1990) Features of „near-death experience“ in relation to whether or not patients were near death. Lancet 336: 1175–1177CrossRefPubMed Owens JE, Cook EW, Stevenson I (1990) Features of „near-death experience“ in relation to whether or not patients were near death. Lancet 336: 1175–1177CrossRefPubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Parnia S, Waller DG, Yeates R, Fenwick P (2001) A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features and aetiology of near death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors. Resuscitation 48: 149–156CrossRefPubMed Parnia S, Waller DG, Yeates R, Fenwick P (2001) A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features and aetiology of near death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors. Resuscitation 48: 149–156CrossRefPubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Penfield W (1955) The role of the temporal cortex in certain psychical phenomena. J Ment Sci 101: 451–465PubMed Penfield W (1955) The role of the temporal cortex in certain psychical phenomena. J Ment Sci 101: 451–465PubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Pfister O (1930) Shockdenken und Shock-Phantasien bei höchster Todesgefahr. Int Z Psychoanalyse 16: 430–455 Pfister O (1930) Shockdenken und Shock-Phantasien bei höchster Todesgefahr. Int Z Psychoanalyse 16: 430–455
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Ring, K. (1980) Life at death: A scientific investigation of the near death experience. Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, New York Ring, K. (1980) Life at death: A scientific investigation of the near death experience. Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, New York
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Ring K, Cooper S (1999) Mindsight: near-death and out-of-body experiences in the blind. William James Center for Consciousness Studies, Palo Alto Ring K, Cooper S (1999) Mindsight: near-death and out-of-body experiences in the blind. William James Center for Consciousness Studies, Palo Alto
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Ring K, Franklin S (1981) Do suicide survivors report near-death experiences? Omega 12: 191–208 Ring K, Franklin S (1981) Do suicide survivors report near-death experiences? Omega 12: 191–208
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Roberts G, Owen J (1988) The near-death experience. Br J Psychiatry 153: 607–617PubMed Roberts G, Owen J (1988) The near-death experience. Br J Psychiatry 153: 607–617PubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodin EA (1980) The reality of death experiences. A personal perspective. J Nerv Ment Dis 168: 259–263PubMed Rodin EA (1980) The reality of death experiences. A personal perspective. J Nerv Ment Dis 168: 259–263PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Rogo DS (1984) Ketamine and the near death experience. Anabiosis 4: 87–96 Rogo DS (1984) Ketamine and the near death experience. Anabiosis 4: 87–96
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosen DH (1975) Suicide survivors: a follow-up study of persons who survived jumping from the Golden Gate and San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridges. West J Med 122: 289–294PubMed Rosen DH (1975) Suicide survivors: a follow-up study of persons who survived jumping from the Golden Gate and San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridges. West J Med 122: 289–294PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Royse D (1985) The near death experience: a survey of clergy attitudes and knowledge. J Pastoral Care 39: 31–42 Royse D (1985) The near death experience: a survey of clergy attitudes and knowledge. J Pastoral Care 39: 31–42
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Saavedra-Aguilar JC, Gomez-Jeria JS (1989) A neurobiological model for near-death experiences. J Near Death Stud 7: 205–222 Saavedra-Aguilar JC, Gomez-Jeria JS (1989) A neurobiological model for near-death experiences. J Near Death Stud 7: 205–222
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabom MB (1986) Erinnerungen an den Tod. Goldmann, Berlin Sabom MB (1986) Erinnerungen an den Tod. Goldmann, Berlin
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabom MB (1982) Recollections of death. Corgi, London Sabom MB (1982) Recollections of death. Corgi, London
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabom MB(1982) Recollections of death: a medical investigation. Harper & Row, New York Sabom MB(1982) Recollections of death: a medical investigation. Harper & Row, New York
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabom MB (1998) Light and death: One doctors fascinating account of near-death experiences. Zondervan, Michigan, pp 37–52 Sabom MB (1998) Light and death: One doctors fascinating account of near-death experiences. Zondervan, Michigan, pp 37–52
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabom MB, Kreutziger S (1977) The experience of near death. Death Ed 1: 195–203 Sabom MB, Kreutziger S (1977) The experience of near death. Death Ed 1: 195–203
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Schoenbeck SB (1993) Exploring the mystery of near-death experiences. Am J Nurs 93: 42–46 Schoenbeck SB (1993) Exploring the mystery of near-death experiences. Am J Nurs 93: 42–46
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Siegel RK, Hirschman AE (1984) Hashish near-death experiences. Anabiosis 4: 69–86 Siegel RK, Hirschman AE (1984) Hashish near-death experiences. Anabiosis 4: 69–86
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Sotelo J, Perez R, Guevara P, Fernandez A (1995) Changes in brain, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid contents of beta-endorphin in dogs at the moment of death. Neurol Res 17: 223–225PubMed Sotelo J, Perez R, Guevara P, Fernandez A (1995) Changes in brain, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid contents of beta-endorphin in dogs at the moment of death. Neurol Res 17: 223–225PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Stevenson I, Greyson B (1979) Near-death experiences. Relevance to the question of survival after death. JAMA 242: 265–267CrossRefPubMed Stevenson I, Greyson B (1979) Near-death experiences. Relevance to the question of survival after death. JAMA 242: 265–267CrossRefPubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Sullivan RM (1984) Combat-related near-death experiences: a preliminary investigation. Anabiosis 4: 143–152 Sullivan RM (1984) Combat-related near-death experiences: a preliminary investigation. Anabiosis 4: 143–152
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutherland C (1990) Changes in religious beliefs, attitudes and practices following near death experiences: An Australien study. J Near Death Stud 9: 21–31 Sutherland C (1990) Changes in religious beliefs, attitudes and practices following near death experiences: An Australien study. J Near Death Stud 9: 21–31
95.
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Twemlow SW, Gabbard G (1984) The influence of demographic/psychological factors and pre-existing conditions on the near-death experience. Omega 15: 223–235 Twemlow SW, Gabbard G (1984) The influence of demographic/psychological factors and pre-existing conditions on the near-death experience. Omega 15: 223–235
97.
Zurück zum Zitat van Lommel P, van Wees R, Meyers V, Elfferich I (2001) Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands. Lancet 358: 2039–2045CrossRefPubMed van Lommel P, van Wees R, Meyers V, Elfferich I (2001) Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands. Lancet 358: 2039–2045CrossRefPubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Walker FO (1989) A nowhere near-death experience: heavenly choirs interrupt myelography. JAMA 261: 3245–3246 Walker FO (1989) A nowhere near-death experience: heavenly choirs interrupt myelography. JAMA 261: 3245–3246
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Whinnery JE (1990) Acceleration-induced loss of consciousness: a review of 500 episodes. Arch Neurol 47: 764–776PubMed Whinnery JE (1990) Acceleration-induced loss of consciousness: a review of 500 episodes. Arch Neurol 47: 764–776PubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilber K (1984) The developmental spectrum and psychopathology: Part II, treatment modalities. J Transpers Psychol 16: 137–166 Wilber K (1984) The developmental spectrum and psychopathology: Part II, treatment modalities. J Transpers Psychol 16: 137–166
Metadaten
Titel
Nahtoderfahrungen
Phänomenologie, Erklärungsmodelle und klinische Bedeutung
verfasst von
Priv.-Doz. Dr. U. Fauth
A. Rümelin
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2003
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin / Ausgabe 7/2003
Print ISSN: 1434-6222
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-0578
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-003-0602-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2003

Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 7/2003 Zur Ausgabe

Notfall aktuell

Ärzte ohne Grenzen

Konzepte—Qualitätsmanagement

Die personelle Situation im Rettungsdienst