Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 1/2006

01.02.2006 | Schwerpunkt: ERC-Leitlinien

Initiales Management von Patienten mit akutem Koronarsyndrom

Abschnitt 5 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2005 des European Resuscitation Council

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. H. R. Arntz, L. Bossart, G. Fillipatos

Erschienen in: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin | Ausgabe 1/2006

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Auszug

Die Inzidenz des akuten Myokardinfarkts (AMI) nimmt in vielen europäischen Ländern ab [1]. Obwohl die Krankenhaussterblichkeit des Infarkts signifikant durch die moderne Reperfusionstherapie und verbesserte Sekundärprävention gesenkt werden konnte, bleibt die 28-Tage-Gesamtsterblichkeit anscheinend unverändert, da 2/3 der Todesfälle vor Erreichen des Krankenhauses eintreten [2]. Demzufolge bietet der Behandlungsbeginn in der frühen, besonders der prähospitalen Phase der Erkrankung, die beste Möglichkeit, das Überleben bei Infarkt zu verbessern. …
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Tunstall-Pedoe H, Vanuzzo D, Hobbs M et al. (2000) Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to improving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO MONICA Project populations. Lancet 355: 688–700PubMed Tunstall-Pedoe H, Vanuzzo D, Hobbs M et al. (2000) Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to improving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO MONICA Project populations. Lancet 355: 688–700PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Lowel H, Meisinger C, Heier M et al. (2002) Sex specific trends of sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction: results of the population-based KORA/MONICA-Augsburg register 1985 to 1998. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 127: 2311–2316PubMed Lowel H, Meisinger C, Heier M et al. (2002) Sex specific trends of sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction: results of the population-based KORA/MONICA-Augsburg register 1985 to 1998. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 127: 2311–2316PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat European Society Cardiology (2000) Myocardial infarction redefined — a consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 959–969 European Society Cardiology (2000) Myocardial infarction redefined — a consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 959–969
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Van de Werf F, Ardissino D, Betriu A et al. (2003) Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. The Task Force on the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 24: 28–66 Van de Werf F, Ardissino D, Betriu A et al. (2003) Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. The Task Force on the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 24: 28–66
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW et al. (2004) ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction — executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 110: 588–636PubMed Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW et al. (2004) ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction — executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 110: 588–636PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Douglas PS, Ginsburg GS (1996) The evaluation of chest pain in women. N Engl J Med 334: 1311–1315PubMed Douglas PS, Ginsburg GS (1996) The evaluation of chest pain in women. N Engl J Med 334: 1311–1315PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Solomon CG, Lee TH, Cook EF et al. (1989) Comparison of clinical presentation of acute myocardial infarction in patients older than 65 years of age to younger patients: the Multicenter Chest Pain Study experience. Am J Cardiol 63: 772–776PubMed Solomon CG, Lee TH, Cook EF et al. (1989) Comparison of clinical presentation of acute myocardial infarction in patients older than 65 years of age to younger patients: the Multicenter Chest Pain Study experience. Am J Cardiol 63: 772–776PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Kereiakes DJ, Gibler WB, Martin LH, Pieper KS, Anderson LC (1992) Relative importance of emergency medical system transport and the prehospital electrocardiogram on reducing hospital time delay to therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a preliminary report from the Cincinnati Heart Project. Am Heart J 123: 835–840PubMed Kereiakes DJ, Gibler WB, Martin LH, Pieper KS, Anderson LC (1992) Relative importance of emergency medical system transport and the prehospital electrocardiogram on reducing hospital time delay to therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a preliminary report from the Cincinnati Heart Project. Am Heart J 123: 835–840PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Canto JG, Rogers WJ, Bowlby LJ, French WJ, Pearce DJ, Weaver WD (1997) The prehospital electrocardiogram in acute myocardial infarction: is its full potential being realized? National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 29: 498–505PubMed Canto JG, Rogers WJ, Bowlby LJ, French WJ, Pearce DJ, Weaver WD (1997) The prehospital electrocardiogram in acute myocardial infarction: is its full potential being realized? National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 29: 498–505PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Aufderheide TP, Hendley GE, Thakur RK et al. (1990) The diagnostic impact of prehospital 12-lead electrocardiography. Ann Emerg Med 19: 1280–1287PubMed Aufderheide TP, Hendley GE, Thakur RK et al. (1990) The diagnostic impact of prehospital 12-lead electrocardiography. Ann Emerg Med 19: 1280–1287PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Foster DB, Dufendach JH, Barkdoll CM, Mitchell BK (1994) Prehospital recognition of AMI using independent nurse/paramedic 12-lead ECG evaluation: impact on in-hospital times to thrombolysis in a rural community hospital. Am J Emerg Med 12: 25–31PubMed Foster DB, Dufendach JH, Barkdoll CM, Mitchell BK (1994) Prehospital recognition of AMI using independent nurse/paramedic 12-lead ECG evaluation: impact on in-hospital times to thrombolysis in a rural community hospital. Am J Emerg Med 12: 25–31PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Millar-Craig MW, Joy AV, Adamowicz M, Furber R, Thomas B (1997) Reduction in treatment delay by paramedic ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarction with direct CCU admission. Heart 78: 456–461PubMedPubMedCentral Millar-Craig MW, Joy AV, Adamowicz M, Furber R, Thomas B (1997) Reduction in treatment delay by paramedic ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarction with direct CCU admission. Heart 78: 456–461PubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Brinfield K (1998) Identification of ST elevation AMI on prehospital 12 lead ECG; Accuracy of unaided paramedic interpretation. J Emerg Med 16: 22 Brinfield K (1998) Identification of ST elevation AMI on prehospital 12 lead ECG; Accuracy of unaided paramedic interpretation. J Emerg Med 16: 22
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Antman EM, Tanasijevic MJ, Thompson B et al. (1996) Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 335: 1342–1349PubMed Antman EM, Tanasijevic MJ, Thompson B et al. (1996) Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 335: 1342–1349PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Schuchert A, Hamm C, Scholz J, Klimmeck S, Goldmann B, Meinertz T (1999) Prehospital testing for troponin T in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 138: 45–48PubMed Schuchert A, Hamm C, Scholz J, Klimmeck S, Goldmann B, Meinertz T (1999) Prehospital testing for troponin T in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 138: 45–48PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Rawles JM, Kenmure AC (1976) Controlled trial of oxygen in uncomplicated myocardial infarction. BMJ 1: 1121–1123PubMed Rawles JM, Kenmure AC (1976) Controlled trial of oxygen in uncomplicated myocardial infarction. BMJ 1: 1121–1123PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group (1988) Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 2: 349–360 ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group (1988) Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 2: 349–360
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Gurfinkel EP, Manos EJ, Mejail RI et al. (1995) Low molecular weight heparin versus regular heparin or aspirin in the treatment of unstable angina and silent ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 26: 313–318PubMed Gurfinkel EP, Manos EJ, Mejail RI et al. (1995) Low molecular weight heparin versus regular heparin or aspirin in the treatment of unstable angina and silent ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 26: 313–318PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Freimark D, Matetzky S, Leor J et al. (2002) Timing of aspirin administration as a determinant of survival of patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis. Am J Cardiol 89: 381–385PubMed Freimark D, Matetzky S, Leor J et al. (2002) Timing of aspirin administration as a determinant of survival of patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis. Am J Cardiol 89: 381–385PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Husted SE, Kristensen SD, Vissinger H, Morn B, Schmidt EB, Nielsen HK (1992) Intravenous acetylsalicylic acid — dose-related effects on platelet function and fibrinolysis in healthy males. Thromb Haemost 68: 226–229PubMed Husted SE, Kristensen SD, Vissinger H, Morn B, Schmidt EB, Nielsen HK (1992) Intravenous acetylsalicylic acid — dose-related effects on platelet function and fibrinolysis in healthy males. Thromb Haemost 68: 226–229PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists‘ (FTT) Collaborative Group (1994) Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients. Lancet 343: 311–322 Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists‘ (FTT) Collaborative Group (1994) Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients. Lancet 343: 311–322
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto Miocardico (GISSI) (1986) Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1: 397–402 Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto Miocardico (GISSI) (1986) Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1: 397–402
23.
Zurück zum Zitat The GUSTO investigators (1993) An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 329: 673–682 The GUSTO investigators (1993) An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 329: 673–682
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Boersma E, Maas AC, Deckers JW, Simoons ML (1996) Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet 348: 771–775PubMed Boersma E, Maas AC, Deckers JW, Simoons ML (1996) Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet 348: 771–775PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat De Luca G, van’t Hof AW, de Boer MJ et al. (2004) Time-to-treatment significantly affects the extent of ST-segment resolution and myocardial blush in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty. Eur Heart J 25: 1009–1013 De Luca G, van’t Hof AW, de Boer MJ et al. (2004) Time-to-treatment significantly affects the extent of ST-segment resolution and myocardial blush in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty. Eur Heart J 25: 1009–1013
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, McDonald AC, Sawadsky BV, Cook DJ (2000) Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis. JAMA 283: 2686–2692PubMed Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, McDonald AC, Sawadsky BV, Cook DJ (2000) Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis. JAMA 283: 2686–2692PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Welsh RC, Goldstein P, Adgey J et al. (2004) Variations in pre-hospital fibrinolysis process of care: insights from the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic 3 Plus international acute myocardial infarction pre-hospital care survey. Eur J Emerg Med 11: 134–140PubMed Welsh RC, Goldstein P, Adgey J et al. (2004) Variations in pre-hospital fibrinolysis process of care: insights from the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic 3 Plus international acute myocardial infarction pre-hospital care survey. Eur J Emerg Med 11: 134–140PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Weaver W, Cerqueira M, Hallstrom A et al. (1993) Prehospital-initiated vs hospital-initiated thrombolytic therapy: the Myocardial Infacrtion Triage and Intervention Trial (MITI). JAMA 270: 1203–1210 Weaver W, Cerqueira M, Hallstrom A et al. (1993) Prehospital-initiated vs hospital-initiated thrombolytic therapy: the Myocardial Infacrtion Triage and Intervention Trial (MITI). JAMA 270: 1203–1210
29.
Zurück zum Zitat European Myocardial Infarction Project Group (EMIP) (1993) Prehospital thrombolytic therapy in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. The European Myocardial Infarction Project Group. N Engl J Med 329: 383–389 European Myocardial Infarction Project Group (EMIP) (1993) Prehospital thrombolytic therapy in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. The European Myocardial Infarction Project Group. N Engl J Med 329: 383–389
30.
Zurück zum Zitat White HD (2000) Debate: Should the elderly receive thrombolytic therapy, or primary angioplasty? Current Controlled Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine 1: 150–154PubMedPubMedCentral White HD (2000) Debate: Should the elderly receive thrombolytic therapy, or primary angioplasty? Current Controlled Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine 1: 150–154PubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Weaver WD, Simes RJ, Betriu A et al. (1997) Comparison of primary coronary angioplasty and intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review. JAMA 278: 2093–2098PubMed Weaver WD, Simes RJ, Betriu A et al. (1997) Comparison of primary coronary angioplasty and intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review. JAMA 278: 2093–2098PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL (2003) Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet 361: 13–20PubMed Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL (2003) Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet 361: 13–20PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Widimsky P, Budesinsky T, Vorac D et al. (2003) Long distance transport for primary angioplasty vs immediate thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Final results of the randomized national multicentre trial — PRAGUE-2. Eur Heart J 24: 94–104PubMed Widimsky P, Budesinsky T, Vorac D et al. (2003) Long distance transport for primary angioplasty vs immediate thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Final results of the randomized national multicentre trial — PRAGUE-2. Eur Heart J 24: 94–104PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Steg PG, Bonnefoy E, Chabaud S et al. (2003) Impact of time to treatment on mortality after prehospital fibrinolysis or primary angioplasty: data from the CAPTIM randomized clinical trial. Circulation 108: 2851–2856PubMed Steg PG, Bonnefoy E, Chabaud S et al. (2003) Impact of time to treatment on mortality after prehospital fibrinolysis or primary angioplasty: data from the CAPTIM randomized clinical trial. Circulation 108: 2851–2856PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Dalby M, Bouzamondo A, Lechat P, Montalescot G (2003) Transfer for primary angioplasty versus immediate thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Circulation 108: 1809–1814PubMed Dalby M, Bouzamondo A, Lechat P, Montalescot G (2003) Transfer for primary angioplasty versus immediate thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Circulation 108: 1809–1814PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Scheller B, Hennen B, Hammer B et al. (2003) Beneficial effects of immediate stenting after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 42: 634–641PubMed Scheller B, Hennen B, Hammer B et al. (2003) Beneficial effects of immediate stenting after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 42: 634–641PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Fernandez-Aviles F, Alonso JJ, Castro-Beiras A et al. (2004) Routine invasive strategy within 24 hours of thrombolysis versus ischaemia-guided conservative approach for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (GRACIA-1): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 364: 1045–1053PubMed Fernandez-Aviles F, Alonso JJ, Castro-Beiras A et al. (2004) Routine invasive strategy within 24 hours of thrombolysis versus ischaemia-guided conservative approach for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (GRACIA-1): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 364: 1045–1053PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG et al. (1999) Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med 341: 625–634PubMed Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG et al. (1999) Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med 341: 625–634PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, White HD et al. (2001) One-year survival following early revascularization for cardiogenic shock. JAMA 285: 190–192PubMed Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, White HD et al. (2001) One-year survival following early revascularization for cardiogenic shock. JAMA 285: 190–192PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Antman EM, McCabe CH, Gurfinkel EP et al. (1999) Enoxaparin prevents death and cardiac ischemic events in unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 11B trial. Circulation 100: 1593–1601PubMed Antman EM, McCabe CH, Gurfinkel EP et al. (1999) Enoxaparin prevents death and cardiac ischemic events in unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 11B trial. Circulation 100: 1593–1601PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen M, Demers C, Gurfinkel EP et al. (1997) A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events Study Group. N Engl J Med 337: 447–452PubMed Cohen M, Demers C, Gurfinkel EP et al. (1997) A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events Study Group. N Engl J Med 337: 447–452PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Petersen JL, Mahaffey KW, Hasselblad V et al. (2004) Efficacy and bleeding complications among patients randomized to enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin for antithrombin therapy in non-ST-Segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: a systematic overview. JAMA 292: 89–96PubMed Petersen JL, Mahaffey KW, Hasselblad V et al. (2004) Efficacy and bleeding complications among patients randomized to enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin for antithrombin therapy in non-ST-Segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: a systematic overview. JAMA 292: 89–96PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferguson JJ, Califf RM, Antman EM et al. (2004) Enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an intended early invasive strategy: primary results of the SYNERGY randomized trial. JAMA 292: 45–54PubMed Ferguson JJ, Califf RM, Antman EM et al. (2004) Enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an intended early invasive strategy: primary results of the SYNERGY randomized trial. JAMA 292: 45–54PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Van de Werf FJ, Armstrong PW, Granger C, Wallentin L (2001) Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: The ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 358: 605–613 Van de Werf FJ, Armstrong PW, Granger C, Wallentin L (2001) Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: The ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 358: 605–613
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Wallentin L, Goldstein P, Armstrong PW et al. (2003) Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin in the prehospital setting: the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Regimen (ASSENT)-3 PLUS randomized trial in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 108: 135–142PubMed Wallentin L, Goldstein P, Armstrong PW et al. (2003) Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin in the prehospital setting: the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Regimen (ASSENT)-3 PLUS randomized trial in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 108: 135–142PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Boersma E, Harrington RA, Moliterno DJ et al. (2002) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials. Lancet 359: 189–398PubMed Boersma E, Harrington RA, Moliterno DJ et al. (2002) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials. Lancet 359: 189–398PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Simoons ML (2001) Effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker abciximab on outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without early coronary revascularisation: the GUSTO IV-ACS randomised trial. Lancet 357: 1915–1924PubMed Simoons ML (2001) Effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker abciximab on outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without early coronary revascularisation: the GUSTO IV-ACS randomised trial. Lancet 357: 1915–1924PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Topol EJ (2001) Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with fibrinolytic therapy or combination reduced fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition: the GUSTO V randomised trial. Lancet 357: 1905–1914PubMed Topol EJ (2001) Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with fibrinolytic therapy or combination reduced fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition: the GUSTO V randomised trial. Lancet 357: 1905–1914PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Montalescot G, Borentain M, Payot L, Collet JP, Thomas D (2004) Early vs late administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in primary percutaneous coronary intervention of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. JAMA 292: 362–366PubMed Montalescot G, Borentain M, Payot L, Collet JP, Thomas D (2004) Early vs late administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in primary percutaneous coronary intervention of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. JAMA 292: 362–366PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat van’t Hof AW, Ernst N, de Boer MJ et al. (2004) Facilitation of primary coronary angioplasty by early start of a glycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitor: results of the ongoing tirofiban in myocardial infarction evaluation (On-TIME) trial. Eur Heart J 25: 837–846 van’t Hof AW, Ernst N, de Boer MJ et al. (2004) Facilitation of primary coronary angioplasty by early start of a glycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitor: results of the ongoing tirofiban in myocardial infarction evaluation (On-TIME) trial. Eur Heart J 25: 837–846
51.
Zurück zum Zitat CAPRIE Steering Committee (1996) A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348: 1329–1339 CAPRIE Steering Committee (1996) A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348: 1329–1339
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Tognoni G, Fox KK (2001) Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 345: 494–502PubMed Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Tognoni G, Fox KK (2001) Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 345: 494–502PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ et al. (2001) Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet 358: 527–533PubMed Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ et al. (2001) Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet 358: 527–533PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT 3rd et al. (2002) Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288: 2411–2420PubMed Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT 3rd et al. (2002) Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288: 2411–2420PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM et al. (2005) Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 352: 1179–1189PubMed Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM et al. (2005) Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 352: 1179–1189PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat The MIAMI Trial Research Group (1985) Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction (MIAMI): a randomised placebo-controlled international trial. Eur Heart J 6: 199–226 The MIAMI Trial Research Group (1985) Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction (MIAMI): a randomised placebo-controlled international trial. Eur Heart J 6: 199–226
57.
Zurück zum Zitat First International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group (1986) Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16 027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1. Lancet 2: 57–66 First International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group (1986) Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16 027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1. Lancet 2: 57–66
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Halkin A, Grines CL, Cox DA et al. (2004) Impact of intravenous beta-blockade before primary angioplasty on survival in patients undergoing mechanical reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 43: 1780–1787PubMed Halkin A, Grines CL, Cox DA et al. (2004) Impact of intravenous beta-blockade before primary angioplasty on survival in patients undergoing mechanical reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 43: 1780–1787PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Campbell RW, Murray A, Julian DG (1981) Ventricular arrhythmias in first 12 hours of acute myocardial infarction: natural history study. Br Heart J 46: 351–357PubMedPubMedCentral Campbell RW, Murray A, Julian DG (1981) Ventricular arrhythmias in first 12 hours of acute myocardial infarction: natural history study. Br Heart J 46: 351–357PubMedPubMedCentral
60.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Doherty M, Tayler DI, Quinn E, Vincent R, Chamberlain DA (1983) Five hundred patients with myocardial infarction monitored within one hour of symptoms. BMJ 286: 1405–1408 O’Doherty M, Tayler DI, Quinn E, Vincent R, Chamberlain DA (1983) Five hundred patients with myocardial infarction monitored within one hour of symptoms. BMJ 286: 1405–1408
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Teo KK, Yusuf S, Furberg CD (1993) Effects of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction. An overview of results from randomized controlled trials. JAMA 270: 1589–1595PubMed Teo KK, Yusuf S, Furberg CD (1993) Effects of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction. An overview of results from randomized controlled trials. JAMA 270: 1589–1595PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Sadowski ZP, Alexander JH, Skrabucha B et al. (1999) Multicenter randomized trial and a systematic overview of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 137: 792–798PubMed Sadowski ZP, Alexander JH, Skrabucha B et al. (1999) Multicenter randomized trial and a systematic overview of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 137: 792–798PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat McAlister FA, Teo KK (1997) Antiarrhythmic therapies for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Drugs 54: 235–252PubMed McAlister FA, Teo KK (1997) Antiarrhythmic therapies for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Drugs 54: 235–252PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group (1995) A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 345: 669–685 ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group (1995) A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 345: 669–685
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Teo KK, Yusuf S, Pfeffer M et al. (2002) Effects of long-term treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in the presence or absence of aspirin: a systematic review. Lancet 360: 1037–1043PubMed Teo KK, Yusuf S, Pfeffer M et al. (2002) Effects of long-term treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in the presence or absence of aspirin: a systematic review. Lancet 360: 1037–1043PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat ACE Inhibitor MI Collaborative Group (1998) Indications for ACE inhibitors in the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction: systematic overview of individual data from 100,000 patients in randomized trials. Circulation 97: 2202–2212 ACE Inhibitor MI Collaborative Group (1998) Indications for ACE inhibitors in the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction: systematic overview of individual data from 100,000 patients in randomized trials. Circulation 97: 2202–2212
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Swedberg K, Held P, Kjekshus J, Rasmussen K, Ryden L, Wedel H (1992) Effects of the early administration of enalapril on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study II. N Engl J Med 327: 678–684PubMed Swedberg K, Held P, Kjekshus J, Rasmussen K, Ryden L, Wedel H (1992) Effects of the early administration of enalapril on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study II. N Engl J Med 327: 678–684PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U, Snapinn S, Bohm M, White HD (2002) Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 105: 1446–1452PubMed Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U, Snapinn S, Bohm M, White HD (2002) Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 105: 1446–1452PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Initiales Management von Patienten mit akutem Koronarsyndrom
Abschnitt 5 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2005 des European Resuscitation Council
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. H. R. Arntz
L. Bossart
G. Fillipatos
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2006
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin / Ausgabe 1/2006
Print ISSN: 1434-6222
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-0578
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-006-0794-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2006

Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 1/2006 Zur Ausgabe