skip to main content
10.1145/1147261.1147279acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagespdcConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

Oppositional and activist new media: remediation, reconfiguration, participation

Published:01 August 2006Publication History

ABSTRACT

Over the last decade, the major firms and cultural institutions that have dominated media and information industries in the U.S. and globally have been challenged by people adopting new technologies to intervene and participate in mainstream media culture. In this paper key genres and features of oppositional and activist new media are described and cases are presented, and their implications for participatory design are briefly outlined.

References

  1. Atton, C. Alternative Media. Sage, London, UK, 2002.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Atton, C. An Alternative Internet. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, UK, 2004.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Barbrook, R. HyperMedia freedom. In P. Ludlow (Ed.), Crypto Anarchy, Cyberstates, and Pirate Utopias. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2001, 47--58. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. Belson, K. and Richtel, M. America's broadband dream is alive in Korea. New York Times, May 5 (2003), C1, C4.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Bolter, J. D. and Grusin, R. Remediation: Understanding New Media. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1999. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Braman, S. Defining Tactical Media: An Historical Overview. http://www.nyu.edu/fas/projects/vcb/case_911/reverberations/braman2.htmlGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. Carr, C. Dow v. Thing: A free-speech infringement that's worse than censorship. Village Voice, January 17 (2003) http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0304/carr.phpGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Castells, M. The Rise of the Network Society -- The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, Vol. 1. Blackwell, London, UK, 1996. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Cohen, J. (2004). Normal Discipline in the Age of Crisis. Unpublished manuscript, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. Collins, J. Architectures of Excess: Cultural Life in the Information Age. Routledge, London, UK, 1995.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Delio, M. DMCA: Dow what it wants to do. Wired, December 31 (2002). http://www.wired.com/news/print/0,1294,57011,00.htmlGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Deuze, M. The web and its journalisms: Considering the consequences of different types of newsmedia online. New Media & Society, 5, 2 (2003), 203--230.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  13. Downing, J. D. H., with T. V. Ford, G. Gil, & L. Stein Radical media: Rebellious Communication and Social Movements. Sage, London, UK, 2001.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Eco, U. Travels in Hyperreality. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York, USA, 1986.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. Economist. Who owns the knowledge economy? April 8 (2000), 17.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Economist. Patently absurd? June 23 (2001), 40--42.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Economist. A bad week for pirates. July 2 (2005), 57--58.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. Economist. Emerging-market indicators: Broadband penetration. July 2 (2005), 90.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Eschenfelder, K. R. and Desai, A. C. Software as protest: The unexpected resiliency of U.S.-based DeCSS posting and linking. The Information Society, 20, 2 (2004), 101--116.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  20. Ford, S. The Situationist International. A User's Guide. Black Dog Publishing, London, UK, 2005.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. Frank, T. & Weiland, M. (Eds.) Commodify your Dissent. W. W. Norton, New York, USA, 1997.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Gamson, J. Gay Media, Inc.: Media structures, the new gay conglomerates, and collective sexual identities. In M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers (Eds.), Cyberactivism: Online activism in theory and practice. Routledge, New York, USA, and London, UK, 2003, 255--278.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. Garcia, D. & Lovink, G. The ABC of Tactical Media. http://subsol.c3.hu/subsol_2/contributors2/garcia-lovinktext.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. Garrido, M. & Halavais, A. Mapping networks of support for the Zapatista movement: Applying social-networks analysis to study contemporary social movements. In M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers (Eds.), Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice. New York and London: Routledge, new York, USA, and London, UK, 2003, 165--184.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. Gleick, J. Patently absurd. New York Times Magazine, March 12 (2000), 44--49.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. Graham, M. The threshold of the information age: Radio, television and motion pictures mobilize the nation. In A. D. Chandler, Jr. & JW. Cortada (Eds.), A Nation Transformed by Information. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, and New York, USA, 2000, 137--176.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. Gray, C. (Ed.) Leaving the 20th Century: The Incomplete Work of the Situationist International. Rebel Press, London, UK, 1974.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. Greenberger, M. The computers of tomorrow. Atlantic Monthly, 213, 5 (1964), 63--66.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. Hebdige, D. Subculture: The Meaning of Style. Routledge, London, UK, and New York, USA, 1979.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  30. Hyde, G. Independent Media Centers: Cyber-subversion and the alternative press. First Monday, 7, 4, April (2002). http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_4/hyde/index.html.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  31. Kahn, R. & Kellner, D. Oppositional politics and the Internet: A critical/reconstructive approach. Cultural Politics, 1, 1 (2005), 75--100.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  32. Kidd, D. Indymedia.org: A new communications commons. In M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers (Eds.), Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice. Routledge, New York, USA, and London, UK, 2003, 47--70.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  33. Kling, R., Rosenbaum, H., and Sawyer, S. Understanding and Communicating Social Informatics. Information Today, Medford, NJ, USA, 2005.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  34. Kollock, P. The economies of online cooperation: Gifts and public goods in cyberspace. In M. A. Smith & P. Kollock (Eds.), Communities in Cyberspace. Routledge, London, UK, and New York, USA, 1999, 220--242.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  35. Lasn, K. Culture Jam: How to Reverse America's Suicidal Consumer Binge -- and Why We Must. Harper Collins, New York, USA, 2000.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  36. Leibowitz, B. Hack, hacker, hacking. In T. F. Peterson, Nightwork: A History of Hacks and Pranks at MIT. (Reprinted from The Journal of the Institute for Hacks, TomFoolery & Pranks at MIT, The MIT Museum, 1990). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2003, 4.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  37. Lessig, L. The Eugene Garfield Lecture. Department of Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, May 8, 2003.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  38. Lessig, L. The Future of Ideas. Random House, New York, USA, 2001.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  39. Levy, S. Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Doubleday, New York, USA, 1984. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  40. Lievrouw, L. A. Our own devices: Heterotopic communication, discourse and culture in the information society. The Information Society, 14, 2 (1998), 83--96.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  41. Lievrouw, L. A. and Livingstone, S. Introduction. In L. A. Lievrouw & S. Livingstone, Handbook of new media (Updated Student Edition). Sage, London, UK, 2006, 1--14.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  42. Lipinski, T. A. The commodification of information and the extension of proprietary rights into the public domain: Recent legal (case and other) developments in the United States. Journal of Business Ethics, 22 (1999), 63--80.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  43. Litman, J. Mickey Mouse emeritus: Character protection and the public domain. University of Miami Entertainment and Sports Law Review, 11, 2 (1994), 429--435.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  44. Litman, J. Digital Copyright. Prometheus Books, Amherst, NY, USA, 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  45. Lovink, G. & Richardson, J. Notes on Sovereign Media. http://subsol.c3.hu/subsol_2/contributors0/lovink-richardsontext.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  46. Ludlow, P. (Ed.) Crypto Anarchy, Cyberstates, and Pirate Utopias. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  47. Markoff, J. (2002). Protesting the Big Brother lens, Little Brother turns an eye blind. New York Times, October 7, C1.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  48. May, T. C. Crypto anarchy and virtual communities. In P. Ludlow (Ed.), Crypto Anarchy, Cyberstates, and Pirate Utopias. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2001, 65--79. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  49. McCaughey, M. & Ayers, M. D. (Eds.) Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice. Routledge, London, UK, and New York, USA, 2003. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  50. McDonough, T. Introduction: Ideology and the Situationist Utopia. In T. McDonough (Ed.), Guy Debord and the Situationist International. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2002, ix--xx.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  51. Meikle, G. Future Active: Media Activism and the Internet. London and New York: Routledge, in association with Pluto Press Australia, 2002.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  52. Meikle, G. gwbush.com: Tactical media strike. M/C Reviews, April 12 (2000). http://reviews.media-culture.org.au/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=50.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  53. Meinrath, S. Studying the rise of Indymedia: Confusions and conclusions. Paper presented at the annual conference of the International Communication Association, New Orleans, LA, May 31, 2004. http://www.saschameinrath.com/writings.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  54. Mitchell, W. J. T. Me++: The Cyborg Self and the Networked City. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2003. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  55. Nissenbaum, H. Hackers and the contested ontology of cyberspace. New Media & Society, 6, 2 (2004), 195--217.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  56. Peretti, J. My Nike media adventure. The Nation, April 9, 2001. http://www.thenation.com/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  57. Peretti, J. Culture Jamming, Memes, Social Networks, and the Emerging Media Ecology: The "Nike Sweatshop Email" as Object-to-Think-With. MIT Media Lab, 2001. {See original Peretti/Nike correspondence, available at http://www.shey.net/niked.html.}Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  58. Peterson, T. F. Nightwork: A History of Hacks and Pranks at MIT. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2003.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  59. Platon, S. & Deuze, M. Indymedia journalism: A radical way of making, selecting and sharing news? Journalism, 4, 3 (2003), 336--355.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  60. Posener, J. Spray it Loud. Pandora, London, UK, 1982.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  61. Rheingold, H. The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier (rev. ed.) Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 2000. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  62. Rheingold, H. Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution. Perseus Books, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2002. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  63. Rimensnyder, S. Mugging for the cameras: Tune in to International Surveillance Camera Awareness Day. Reason, September 6, 2001. http://reason.com/hod/sr090601.shtml.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  64. Schrage, M. The Relationship Revolution. Merrill Lynch Forum. http://www.ml.com/woml/forum/index.htm.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  65. Sholette, G. Interventionism and the historical uncanny. In N. Thompson & G. Sholette (Eds.), The Interventionists: Users' Manual for the Creative Disruption of Everyday Life. North Adams, MA: MASS MoCA Publications, distributed by MIT Press, North Adams, MA, 2004, 133--142.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  66. Star, S. L. and Bowker, G. How to infrastructure. In L. A. Lievrouw and S. Livingstone (Eds.), Handbook of New Media (Updated student edition). Sage, London, UK, 2006, 230--245.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  67. Sunstein, C. Republic.com. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA, 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  68. Taylor, P. From hackers to hacktivists: Speed bumps on the global superhighway? New Media & Society 7, 5 (2005), 625--646.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  69. Temkin, E. Defiant programming: The culture of Easter eggs and its fandom. Paper presented at the annual conference of the International Communication Association, San Diego, CA, May 24--27, 2003.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  70. Thomas, D. Hacker Culture. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, USA, and London, UK, 2002. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  71. Thomas, J. The moral ambiguity of social control in cyberspace: A retro assessment of the "golden age" of hacking. New Media & Society 7, 5 (2005), 599--624.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  72. Thompson, N. & Sholette, G. (Eds.) The Interventionists: Users' Manual for the Creative Disruption of Everyday Life. North Adams, MA: MASS MoCA Publications, distributed by MIT Press, North Adams, MA, 2004.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  73. Touraine, A. The Return of the Actor. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MA, USA, 1988 {1984}.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  74. Vegh, S. Classifying forms of online activism: The case of cyberprotests against the World Bank. In M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers (Eds.), Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice. Routledge, New York, USA, and London, UK, 2003, 71--96.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  75. Viénet, R. The Situationists and the new forms of action against politics and art. In K. Knabb (Ed.), Situationist International Anthology, Bureau of Public Secrets, Berkeley, CA, USA, 1981 {1967}, 213--216. (Reprinted from Internationale Situationiste #11, October 1967).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  76. Wark, M. A Hacker Manifesto. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, USA and London, UK, 2004. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  77. Winseck, D. Wired cities and transnational communications: New forms of governance for telecommunications and the new media. In L. A. Lievrouw & S. Livingstone (Eds.), Handbook of New Media (1sted.). Sage, London, UK, 2002, 393--409.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  78. Wright, S. Informing, communicating, and ICTs in contemporary anti-capitalist movements. In W. van de Donk, B. D. Loader, P. G. Nixon, and D. Rucht (Eds.), Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens, and Social Movements. Routledge, London, UK, 2004, 77--93. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Oppositional and activist new media: remediation, reconfiguration, participation

              Recommendations

              Comments

              Login options

              Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

              Sign in
              • Published in

                cover image ACM Other conferences
                PDC '06: Proceedings of the ninth conference on Participatory design: Expanding boundaries in design - Volume 1
                August 2006
                149 pages
                ISBN:159593460X
                DOI:10.1145/1147261

                Copyright © 2006 ACM

                Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

                Publisher

                Association for Computing Machinery

                New York, NY, United States

                Publication History

                • Published: 1 August 2006

                Permissions

                Request permissions about this article.

                Request Permissions

                Check for updates

                Qualifiers

                • Article

                Acceptance Rates

                Overall Acceptance Rate49of289submissions,17%

              PDF Format

              View or Download as a PDF file.

              PDF

              eReader

              View online with eReader.

              eReader