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Abdominal Compartment Syndrome as a Complication of Care

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Trauma Care

  • 272 Accesses

Synonyms

Abdominal compartment syndrome; Intra-abdominal hypertension

Definition

Introduction

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. It is important to realize that IAH and ACS may affect almost every organ system (Cheatham 2011).

Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is normally 5–7 mmHg in adults. IAH is as sustained or repeated pathologic elevation of IAP of 12 mmHg or greater. This is further subdivided into four grades based on pressure value. ACS is sustained IAP greater than 20 mmHg associated with new organ dysfunction/failure (Cheatham 2011). Causes of IAH and ACS include, but are not limited to, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, pneumoperitoneum from perforated viscus, and, most importantly in the trauma patient, third spacing of fluid during massive resuscitation.

Preexisting Condition

Physiology

Cardiovascular

Cardiac dysfunction is seen in patients with IAH and ACS due to increased...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Khanjan H. Nagarsheth

Authors
  1. Khanjan H. Nagarsheth
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khanjan H. Nagarsheth .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Anesthesiology, Surgery and Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

    Peter J. Papadakos

  2. Department of Surgery, Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Rochester, School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA

    Mark L. Gestring

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© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Nagarsheth, K.H. (2015). Abdominal Compartment Syndrome as a Complication of Care. In: Papadakos, P.J., Gestring, M.L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Trauma Care. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29613-0_109

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29613-0_109

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-29611-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-29613-0

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