Sitzendes Verhalten und die Gesundheit Jugendlicher

 

 Buy Article Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund | Jugendliche in modernen Gesellschaften verbringen täglich etwa die Hälfte ihrer Wachzeit mit sitzendem Verhalten (SV). Daher sollen die Zusammenhänge des SV mit der Gesundheit Jugendlicher untersucht werden.

Methoden | In einer Querschnittstudie wurden 1296 Schüler der 8. Klassenstufe aus 29 Schulen des Landes Schleswig-Holstein untersucht. Das mittlere Alter betrug 13,75 Jahre (SD=0,67); 47,0% waren Mädchen. In einem Fragebogen wurden bildschirmbasiertes und nicht-bildschirmbasiertes SV, moderate bis intensive körperliche Aktivität sowie weitere Indikatoren des Gesundheitsverhaltens (Tabak-, Alkoholkonsum, Ernährungsverhalten) erfasst. Die Bestimmung der anthropometrischen Daten und des Ruheblutdrucks erfolgte im Rahmen einer medizinischen Testung, die der kardiorespiratorischen Fitness im 20m-Shuttle-Run-Test.

Ergebnisse | Die Achtklässler verbrachten knapp 7 Stunden täglich mit SV. Das Ausmaß an SV war positiv mit gesundheitsgefährdenden Verhaltensweisen assoziiert. Diese Zusammenhänge zeigten sich jedoch nur mit bildschirmbasiertem SV. Die kardiorespiratorische Fitness war negativ mit bildschirmbasiertem und nicht-bildschirmbasiertem SV assoziiert. Diese Assoziationen blieben weitgehend stabil, wenn das Ausmaß der körperlichen Aktivität kontrolliert wurde. Für den Ruheblutdruck zeigten sich überwiegend keine Zusammenhänge mit SV.

Diskussion | SV generell, aber insbesondere bildschirmbasiertes SV scheint ein von der körperlichen Aktivität unabhängiger gesundheitlicher Risikofaktor im Jugendalter zu sein. Neben der Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität sollte daher die Reduktion des SV eine wichtige Rolle in Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung einnehmen.

Abstract

Background: In modern societies, adolescents spend about half of their waking hours with sedentary behavior (SB). Therefore, the current study aims at investigating the relationship between SB and adolescents’ health.

Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 1296 students (8^th grade) from 29 schools in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany was surveyed. Mean age was 13.75 years (SD = 0.67), 47.0 % were female. To asses screen-based and non-screen-based SB, moderate to vigorous physical activity as well as further indicators of health behavior (tobacco and alcohol use, diet) a questionnaire was used. Anthropometric data and blood pressure at rest were assessed during a medical testing and cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20 m-Shuttle-Run-Test.

Results: The students spent almost 7 hours a day sedentary. Total SB was positively associated with behavior that is detrimental to health. These associations were detectable only for screen-based SB, not for non-screen-based SB. Cardiorespiratory fitness was associated negatively with total SB, screen-based as well as non-screen-based SB. Associations remained widely stable when moderate to vigorous physical activity was controlled for. There were almost no associations between SB and blood pressure.

Discussion: Total SB, but especially screen-based SB seems to be a health risk factor in adolescence independent of physical activity. Besides fostering physical activity, reduction of SB should be a core target behavior in prevention and health promotion.

• Literatur

• 1 Sedentary Behaviour Research Network. Letter to the editor: standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours”. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37: 540-542
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 2 Pate RR, Mitchell JA, Byun W, Dowda M. Sedentary behaviour in youth. Br J Sports Med 2011; 45: 906-913
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 3 Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Martinez-Gomez D et al. Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in European adolescents: the HELENA study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174: 173-184
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 4 Hardy LL, Dobbins T, Booth ML et al. Sedentary behaviours among Australian adolescents. Aust N Z J Public Health 2006; 30: 534-540
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 5 de Rezende LF, Rodrigues LM, Rey-Lopez JP et al. Sedentary behavior and health outcomes: an overview of systematic reviews. PLoS One 2014; 9: e105620
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 6 Tremblay MS, LeBlanc AG, Kho ME et al. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011; 8: 98
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 7 Hancox RJ, Milne BJ, Poulton R. Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Lancet 2004; 364: 257-262
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 8 Ekelund U, Luan J, Sherar LB et al. Moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. JAMA 2012; 307: 704-712
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 9 Kuntz B, Lampert T. Wie gesund leben Jugendliche in Deutschland?. Ergebnisse des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS). Gesundheitswesen 2013; 75: 67-76
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 10 Biddle SJ, Gorely T, Marshall SJ. Is television viewing a suitable marker of sedentary behavior in young people?. Ann Behav Med 2009; 38: 147-153
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 11 Pearson N, Biddle SJ. Sedentary behavior and dietary intake in children, adolescents, and adults. A systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2011; 41: 178-188
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 12 Suchert V, Isensee B, Hansen J et al. “läuft.” – a school-based multi-component program to establish a physically active lifestyle in adolescence: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14: 416
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 13 Zabinski MF, Norman GJ, Sallis JF et al. Patterns of sedentary behavior among adolescents. Health Psychol 2007; 26: 113-120
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 14 Schlarb AA, Gulewitsch MD, Weltzer V et al. Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems in a Representative Sample of German Children and Adolescents. Health 2015; 7: 1397-1408
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 15 Cole TJ. The LMS method for constructing normalized growth standards. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1990; 44: 45-60
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 16 Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Wabitsch M, Kunze P et al. Perzentile für den Body-mass-Index für das Kindes- und Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher Stichproben. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2001; 149: 807-818
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 17 World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. ed WHO Technical Report Series, 894 Geneva: World Health Organization,; 2004
  Google Scholar
• 18 World Health Organization. Guidelines for controlling and monitoring the tobacco epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization,; 1998
  Google Scholar
• 19 Lintonen T, Ahlström S, Metso L. The reliability of self-reported drinking in adolescence. Alcohol Alcohol 2004; 39: 362-368
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 20 Robert Koch-Institut. Gesundheitsverhalten von Schülern in Berlin: Ergebnisse der HBSC-Jugendgesundheitsstudie 2002 im Auftrag der WHO. Berlin; 2003
  Google Scholar
• 21 Prochaska JJ, Sallis JF, Long B. A physical activity screening measure for use with adolescents in primary care. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001; 155: 554-559
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 22 Leger LA, Mercier D, Gadoury C, Lambert J. The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. J Sport Sci 1988; 6: 93-101
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 23 Mahar MT, Guerieri AM, Hanna MS, Kemble CD. Estimation of Aerobic Fitness from 20-m Multistage Shuttle Run Test Performance. Am J Prev Med 2011; 41: S117-S123
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 24 Kunter M, Schümer G, Artelt C et al. Pisa 2000: Dokumentation der Erhebungsinstrumente (Pisa 2000: Documentation of measures). Berlin: Max-Planck-Institiut für Bildungsforschung (in German); 2002
  Google Scholar
• 25 Neuhauser H, Thamm M. Blutdruckmessung im Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS). Methodik und erste Ergebnisse. Bundesgesundheitsbl 2007; 50: 728-735
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 26 Stolzenberg H, Kahl H, Bergmann KE. Körpermaße bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Ergebnisse des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS). Bundesgesundheitsbl 2007; 50: 659-669
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 27 Utter J, Neumark-Sztainer D, Jeffery R, Story M. Couch potatoes or french fries: are sedentary behaviors associated with body mass index, physical activity, and dietary behaviors among adolescents?. J Am Diet Assoc 2003; 103: 1298-1305
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 28 Santos R, Mota J, Okely AD et al. The independent associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48: 1508-1512
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 29 Convertino VA, Bloomfield SA, Greenleaf JE. An overview of the issues: physiological effects of bed rest and restricted physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29: 187-190
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 30 Ekelund U, Anderssen SA, Froberg K et al. Independent associations of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with metabolic risk factors in children: the European youth heart study. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 1832-1840
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 31 Hamilton MT, Healy GN, Dunstan DW et al. Too Little Exercise and Too Much Sitting: Inactivity Physiology and the Need for New Recommendations on Sedentary Behavior. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 2008; 2: 292-298
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

• Supplementary Material