Download PDF
Methods Inf Med 2001; 40(03): 184-189
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1634154
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

Paradigms for Recording Cognitive Brain Electrical Activity

P. J. McCullagh
1   School of Information & Software Engineering, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK
,
H. G. McAllister
1   School of Information & Software Engineering, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK
,
R. Howard
2   Department of Social Work and Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
,
L. Hong Neo
2   Department of Social Work and Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
07 February 2018 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract:

Human event-related potentials reflect cognitive processing, and are normally elicited by external events, such as acoustic sounds or visual stimuli. As such they provide an opportunity to study normal and abnormal brain function noninvasively, at sub-second resolution. Advances in multimedia technology permit specialists in informatics and neuropsychology to co-operate in the design and implementation of paradigms, which influence ERP components. The paper illustrates the progression from standard paradigms such as the auditory oddball, which can be used to study memory update through to contingent negative variation and three condition, visual paradigms which can be used to study cognitive and emotional responses. Data from a study investigating the comparative processing of target pictures and words illustrate how external stimuli influence the later cognitive potentials.

Keywords:

Event-related Potentials - Multimedia Stimulation - Brain Function
 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Lindberg DA. Access to Knowledge. In: Yearbook of Medical Informatics 1998. Van Bemmel JH, McCray AT. eds. Stuttgart, New York: Schattauer; 1998: 1-3.
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Bemmel JH, Musen MA. Handbook of Medical Informatics. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 1997: 127-46.
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Williamson SJ, Kaufman L. Analysis of Neuromagnetic Signals. In: Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Vol 1: Methdos of Analysis of Brain Electrical and Magnetic Signals. Gevins AS, Remond A. eds. Amsterdam: Elservier; 1987: 405-44.
    Google Scholar
  • 4 Walter WG, Coopert R, Aldrige VJ, McCallum WC, Winter AL. Contingent negative variation: An electric sign of sensori-motor association and expectancy in the human brain. Nature 1964; 203: 380-4.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Fenwick P. The inverse problem: a medical perspecitve. Physics in Medicine & Biology 1987; 32 (Suppl. 01) 5-9.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Chiappa KH. Evoked Potentials in Clinical Medicine. City: Raven Press; 1985
    Google Scholar
  • 7 John MS, Picton TW. MASTER: a Windows program for recording multiple auditory steady-state responses. Comput Meth Prog Biomed 2000; 61: 125-50.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Picton TW, Hillyard SA. Endogenous event-related potentials. In: Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Vol. 3: Human Event-Relatet Potentials. Picton TW. ed. Amsterdam: Elservier; 1988: 361-426.
    Google Scholar
  • 9 Rugg MD. ERP Studies of Memory. In: Electrophysiology of Mind. Event-related brain potentials and Cognition. Rugg MD, Colges MGH. eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1995
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Kutas M, Kleunder R. What is who violating? A reconsideration of linguistic violations in the light of event related brain potentials. In: Cognitive Electrophyisiology. Heinze HJ, Munte GR, Mangun GR. eds. Birkhauser Verlag; 1993
    Google Scholar
  • 11 Birbaumer N. Slow cortical potentials: their origin, meaning and clinical use. In: Brain and Behaviour. Past, Present and Future. van Boxtel GJM, Boecker KBE. eds. Tilburg Universiy Press; 1997
    Google Scholar
  • 12 McCullum WC. Potentials related to expectancy, preparation and motor acitivity. In: Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Vol. 3: Human Event-Related Potentials. Picton TW. ed. Amsterdam: Elservier; 1988: 427-517.
    Google Scholar
  • 13 Sartory G. The CNV in psychiatric states. In: Clinical and Experimental Neuropsycho-physiology. Papakostopoulos D, Butler S, Martin I. eds. London: Croom Helm; 1995
    Google Scholar
  • 14 McCullagh PJ, McAllister HG, Armstrong GA, Regan MF. User configurable algo-rithms for the acquisition of cognitive event-related potentials in auditory/visual modality. Automedica 1994; 16: 191-201.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 McCullagh PJ, Gent GP, McAllister HG. Multimedia stimulation for psychophysiological investigation. In: Kokel P. et al., eds. Medical Informatics Europe IOS Press. Medical Informatics Europe IOS Press; 1999: 631.
    Google Scholar
  • 16 McCullagh PJ, McAllister HG, Armstrong GA, Regan MF. PC software library for the production of auditory stimuli in cognitive event related potential experiments. Computer Method Prog Biomed 1994; 45: 283-9.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Howard RC, Fenton GW, Frenwick PBC. Event related potentials in personality and psychopathology: a Pavlovian approach. etchworth: Wiley; 1982
    Google Scholar
  • 18 Katayama J, Polich J. P300 from one-, two-, and three-stimulus auditory paradigms. Int J Psychophysiol 1996; 1-2: 33-40.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Naatanen R, Simpson M, Loveless NE. Stimulus deviance and evoked potentials. Biological Psychology 1982; 14: 53-98.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Lee Hong N, McCullagh PJ, Howard R. An electrococortical correlate of a history of alcohol abuse in criminal offenders. Psychology, Crime and Law.; (In press).
    Google Scholar
  • 21 McClelland RJ, Watson DR, Lawless V, Houston HG. Reliability and effectiveness of screening for hearing loss in high risk neonates. BMJ 1992; 304: 806-9.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar