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Eur J Pediatr Surg 2013; 23(05): 365-374
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1354588
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Management of “Difficult” Wounds

Kathrin Neuhaus
1   Pediatric Burn Centre, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
,
Martin Meuli
1   Pediatric Burn Centre, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
,
Ingo Koenigs
2   Department and Clinic of Paediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre of Eppendorf and Altona's Children Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
,
Clemens Schiestl
1   Pediatric Burn Centre, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

18 July 2013

19 July 2013

Publication Date:
05 September 2013 (online)

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Abstract

Pressure sores (PSs) and wounds in immunocompromised children are rather rare conditions. No doubt, their management is often complex and difficult, even for experienced pediatric plastic surgeons. As there are no algorithms for standard care, the therapeutic approach is individual.

Successful PS management always implies primary and secondary prevention. With a PS present, rapid relief of pressure is crucial. If local wound care fails to restore skin integrity within a short period of time, surgical defect closure is mandatory. Overall, full-thickness skin grafts and local flap surgery are the most suitable methods regarding result quality, procedure complexity, and risks. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) plays an instrumental role in wound bed preparation before definitive coverage. Recurrence rate is high (the complication). It does not much depend on the surgical technique employed, but rather depends on whether the various pathogenic factors leading to PS can be eliminated or alleviated.

In both temporarily and permanently immunocompromised children, wound healing is significantly impaired. At the same time, these patients have no or low host defense activity. Thus, they are at high risk not only for local wound infection but also for potentially life threatening septic complications. Rapid and definitive wound closure is therefore essential. When conservative therapy fails, simple surgical techniques granting rapid and definitive wound closure should be used.

Keywords

negative pressure wound therapy - wound healing - immunosuppression - child - pressure sore
 

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