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Originalia

Intellektuelle Entwicklung über die Lebensspanne: Überblick und ausgewählte Forschungsbrennpunkte

Published Online:July 01, 2000https://doi.org/10.1026//0033-3042.51.3.135

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Aus der Perspektive des Zweikomponentenmodells der Kognitionsontogenese, das der biologischen Mechanik die kulturell geformte Pragmatik gegenüberstellt, wird die intellektuelle Entwicklung über die Lebensspanne nachgezeichnet. Besonders berücksichtigt werden folgende Gegenstände: (a) Formen der Abhängigkeit zwischen mechanischer und pragmatischer Entwicklung; (b) ontogenetische Veränderungen in relativer Stabilität, Heritabilität und Differenzierung intellektueller Fähigkeiten; (c) historische und ontogenetische Plastizität des Leistungsniveaus; (d) die Purifizierung der Messung von Altersunterschieden in der Mechanik; und (e) die Suche nach basalen Determinanten der mechanischen Entwicklung. Plädiert wird für eine Konzeptualisierung intellektueller Entwicklung, die bereichsspezifische und übergreifende Aspekte gleichermaßen berücksichtigt.


Intellectual development across the lifespan: Overview and research perspectives

Abstract. Informed by the distinction between biology-based mechanics and cultural pragmatics, this article summarizes intellectual development from a lifespan perspective. Topics include: (a) varieties of mechanic-pragmatic interdependence; (b) ontogenetic changes in relative stability, heritability, and factor structure differentiation; (c) historical and ontogenetic plasticity of intellectual performance; (d) age differences in the mechanics of cognition: purification of measurement; and (e) the search for basic determinants of age changes in the mechanics of cognition. It is argued that a valid conceptualization of intellectual development needs to do justice to both domain-general and domain-specific aspects of change.

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