Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Stress, Oxidative Injury and Disease

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The living system on earth is largely using oxygen for burning metabolic fuel for energy. The toxicity of oxygen is largely due to the formation of free radicals in living systems. Stress is also responsible for the generation of free radicals. The evidence for the involvement of free radicals and oxidative injury in producing metabolic disturbance, maladjustment and many diseases has been accumulating since long. It is largely believed that the root cause of many chronic diseases is stress induced free radicals and resultant oxidative injury.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Harman D. Aging–a theory based on free-radical and radiation-chemistry. J Gerontol. 1956;11:298–300.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. McCord JM, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase an enzymic function for erythrocuprein hemocuprein. J Biol Chem. 1969;244:6049–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Mittal CK, Murad F. Activation of guanylate cyclase by superoxidedismutase and hydroxyl radical-physiological regulator of guanosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1977;74:4360–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kehre JB, Smith CV. Free radicals in biology: sources, reactivates and roles in the etiology of human diseases. In: Frei B, editor. Natural antioxidants in human health and disease. Orlando: Academic Press; 1994. p. 25–62.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Masahiro I, Shinya A, Nagata S, Miyata M, Hiroshi K. Relationships between perceived workload, stress and oxidative DNA damage. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2001;74:153–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MTD, Mazur M, Telsar J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;39:44–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Davies KJA, ed. Oxidative damage and repair: introduction and overview. In: Oxidative damage and repair. Chemical, biological and medical aspects. Pergamon Press, New York; 1991. pp 341–354.

  9. Fridovich I. The biology of oxygen radicals. Science. 1978;201:875–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Teebor GW, Boorstein RJ, Cadet J. The repairability of oxidative free radical mediated damage to DNA: a review. Int J Radiat Biol. 1988;54:131–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Radak Z, Lee K, Choi W, Sunoo S, Kizaki T, Oh-Ishi S, Sizuki K, Taniguchi N, Ohno H, Asano K. Oxidative stress induced by intermittent exposure at a simulated altitude of 4000 m decreases mitochondrial superoxide dismutase content in soleus muscle of rats. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1994;69:392–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tibor B, Radak Z. High altitude and free radicals (review article). J Sports Sci Med. 2004;3:64–9.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Davidovic V, Djokic I, Petrovic N, Durasevic S, Cvijic G. Activity of antioxidant enzymes in rat skeletal muscle and brown fat: effect of cold and propranolol. J Therm Biol. 1999;24:385–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bhaumik G, Srivastava KK, Selvamurthy W. The role of free radicals in cold injuries. Int J Biometeorol. 1995;38:171–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Flanagan SW, Moselev PL, Buettner GR. Increased flux of free radicals in cells subjected to hyperthermia: detection by electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping. FEBS Lett. 1998;431:285–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Paul C, Teng S, Saunders PTK. A single, mild, transient scrotal heat stress causes hypoxia and oxidative stress in mouse testes, which induces germ cell death. Biol Reprod. 2009;80:5913–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu J, Wang X, Shigenaga MK, et al. Immobilization stress causes oxidative damage to lipid, protein and DNA in the brain of rats. FASEB J. 1996;10:1532–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kondo H, Miura M, Nakagaki I, Sasaki S, Itokawa Y. Trace element movement and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophied by immobilization. Am J Physiol. 1992;262:E583–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Webster Marketon JI, Glaser R. Stress hormones and immune function. Cell Immunol. 2008;252:16–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Dhabhar FS, Miller AH, McEwen BS, Spencer RL. Effects of stress on immune cell distribution-dynamics and hormonal mechanisms. J Immunol. 1995;154:5511–27.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Dhabhar FS. Enhancing versus suppressive effects of stress on immune function: implications for immunoprotection and immunopathology. NeuroImmunoModulation. 2009;16:300–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Dinarello CA. Pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chest. 2000;118:503–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gerald S, Christophe B, Luc MJ, Luc T. Relationship between stress, inflammation and metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2004;7:169–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Jin K. Modern biological theories of aging. Aging Dis. 2010;1:72–4.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Von Zglinicki T. Oxidative stress shortens telomeres. Trends Biochem Sci. 2002;27:339–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. MacNee W. Oxidative stress and lung inflammation in airways disease. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001;429:195–207.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Black PH, Garbutt LD. Stress, inflammation and cardiovascular disease. J Psychosom Res. 2002;52:1–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Yudkin JS, Kumari M, Humphries SE, Ali VM. Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: is interleukin-6 the link? Athersclerosis. 2000;148:209–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Vaziri ND, Bernardo RI. Mechanism of disease and inflammation in the pathogenesis of hyper tension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2006;2:582–93.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Oberg BP, McMenamin E, Lucas FL, McMonagle JM, Ikizler TA, Jonathan M. Increased prevalence of oxidant stress and inflammation in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2004;65:1009–10016.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Farthing MJ. Irritable bowel, irritable body or irritable brain? Br Med J. 1995;310:171–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Firestein GS, Echeverri F, Yeo M, Zvaifler NJ, Green DR. Somatic mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:10895–900.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Paul PT, Nathan JZ, Douglas RG, Gary SF. Rheumatoid arthritis and p53: how oxidative stress might alter the course of inflammatory diseases. Immunol Today. 2000;21:78–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MTD, Mazur M, Telsar J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;39:44–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Stayner LT, Dankovic DA, Lemen RA. Occupational exposure to chrysotile asbestos and cancer risk: A review of the amphibole hypothesis. Am J Public Health. 1996;86:179–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Santos FW, Zeni G, Rocha JBT, Weis SN, Fachinetto JM, Favero AM, et al. Diphenyl diselenide reverses cadmium-induced oxidative damage on mice tissues. Chem Biol Interact. 2005;151:159–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Roy P, Saha A. Metabolism and toxicity of arsenic: a human carcinogen. Curr Sci. 2002;82:38–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Loft S, Poulsen HE. Cancer risk and oxidative DNA damage in man. J Mol Med. 1996;74:297–312.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kaushal K. Srivastava.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Srivastava, K.K., Kumar, R. Stress, Oxidative Injury and Disease. Ind J Clin Biochem 30, 3–10 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-014-0441-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-014-0441-5

Keywords

Navigation