Zusammenfassung
Tumorassoziierte Ernährungsprobleme werden meist auf die Entwicklung einer Kachexie im Verlauf schwerer Erkrankungen reduziert: Der erhöhte Energiebedarf der Tumorzellen, die verminderte Nahrungsaufnahme bei Inappetenz, Schluckbeschwerden und Stenosierungen des Verdauungstrakts sowie die verminderte Nahrungsverwertung bei Mitbeteiligung des Verdauungstrakts führen häufig zu einer deutlichen Gewichtsreduktion, die aber schon vor Erreichen einer Kachexie zu therapeutischen Maßnahmen führen muss. Da Fehl- und Überernährung zur Entstehung von Karzinomen beitragen, muss im Sinne einer Sekundärprävention bei definierten Patientengruppen auch eine Gewichtsreduktion bzw. eine Ernährungsumstellung erfolgen. In diesem Artikel werden die Grundsätze der im Sinne einer Tumorprävention gesunden Ernährung und wichtige Sonderfälle tumorbedingter Ernährungsprobleme beschrieben. Die stationäre onkologische Rehabilitation kann die Patienten bei der gewünschten Lebensstiländerung wesentlich unterstützen.
Abstract
Tumor-associated nutritional problems often lead to the development of a cachectic state during the severe course of diseases. The increased energy consumption of the tumor cells, decreased appetite, swallowing difficulties, intestinal stenosis and decreased absorption of nutrients often lead to severe loss of weight, which needs therapeutic attention before reaching cachexia. However, as malnutrition and overnutrition contribute to the development of carcinomas, some groups of patients also have to undergo weight reduction and dietary changes for secondary prevention. The principles of a tumor prophylactic, healthy diet, as well as important causes of tumor-associated nutritional problems are described in this article. Inpatient oncologic rehabilitation can play an essential role in necessary lifestyle modifications for these patients.
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Faber, G., Beinert, T., Hass, H. et al. Krebs und Ernährung. Onkologe 17, 906–912 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-011-2110-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-011-2110-0