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Kognition bei depressiven Störungen

Cognition in major depressive disorders

  • Psychiatrie
  • Published:
psychopraxis. neuropraxis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Depressive Störungen gehören zu den häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen mit einer hohen Rückfallrate und einem oft chronischen Verlauf. Kognitive Störungen treten im Rahmen einer Major Depression (MD) häufig auf. Das neue Diagnostische und Statistische Manual 5 (DSM-5) führt die Beeinträchtigung der Kognition (die verminderte Fähigkeit zu denken oder sich zu konzentrieren oder eine verringerte Entscheidungsfähigkeit an fast allen Tagen, entweder nach subjektivem Bericht oder von anderen beobachtet) als A-Kriterium für die Diagnose einer MD an. Die häufigsten kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen, die bei depressiven Patienten auftreten, sind Störungen in den exekutiven Funktionen, Informationsverarbeitungsstörungen, Beeinträchtigungen des Lernens und des Gedächtnisses, Konzentrationsstörungen und Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen. Die kognitiven Störungen beeinflussen die Alltagsaktivitäten und die Lebensqualität. Verbesserungen in den kognitiven Funktionen können durch Antidepressiva vermittelt werden, wohl vor allem von solchen mit multimodalem Wirkmechanismus. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass auch nicht-pharmakologische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, wie kognitive Remediation zur Therapie kognitiver Störungen bei MD hilfreich sein können.

Abstract

Major depressive disorders (MDD) are highly prevalent and recurring mental disorders associated with high rates of relapse and often with a chronic course. Cognitive impairment is one of the most frequent residual symptoms of MDD. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 (DSM-5) includes cognitive deficits (diminished ability to think or concentrate or indecisiveness nearly every day, either by subjective account or as observed by others) as a grade A criterion for major depressive disorder. Patients with MDD exhibit persisting deficits in objective measures of executive function, information processing speed, learning and memory, attention and concentration. Cognitive impairment even in remitting phases of the disorder are highly correlated with poor functional outcome and quality of life, accounting for occupational and relational difficulties regardless of clinical improvement in core depressive symptoms. Empirical evidence has documented that antidepressants, specifically multimodal agents, can have an impact on cognitive deficits. Cognitive remediation can also be an important non-pharmacological therapeutic option to improve cognitive impairment in MDD.

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Correspondence to Gabriele Sachs.

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G. Sachs und A. Erfurth geben an, Beratungshonorare und/oder Honorare für Vorträge von Lundbeck, AOP Orphan/Ferrer, GSK, Lilly, Angelini, Krka, Hexal, Germania und Janssen erhalten zu haben.

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Sachs, G., Erfurth, A. Kognition bei depressiven Störungen. psychopraxis. neuropraxis 18, 172–179 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00739-015-0281-y

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