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Telemedizin in der Schrittmachertherapie und Nachsorge

Telemedicine in pacemaker therapy and follow-up

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Zusammenfassung

Die heutigen telemedizinischen Systeme für kardiovaskuläre elektronische Implantate vermitteln umfassende Daten über den Patienten und das implantierte System („remote control“), wodurch sie sich erheblich von früheren Lösungen unterscheiden. Telemedizin beinhaltet sowohl Telemonitoring als auch Telenachsorge: Telemonitoring bedeutet die permanente Abfrage des Implantats, um unerwartete klinische und gerätetechnische Ereignisse zeitnaher als mit der konventionellen Nachsorge zu erfassen. Telenachsorge hat den Anspruch, durch Abfrage der Automatikfunktionen im Schrittmacher die geplanten (und ungeplanten) konventionellen Nachsorgen zu ersetzen. Gemeinsam haben die telemedizinischen Systeme wie Home Monitoring, CareLink, Merlin.net und Latitude das Auslesen der Daten aus dem Schrittmacher, das Versenden der Daten an einen Server und die Bereitstellung der Daten auf einer gesicherten Webseite für den Arzt. Dazu verwenden die meisten Anbieter eine drahtlose Verbindung zwischen Schrittmacher und externer Sendeeinheit. Dies setzt einen im Schrittmacher eingebauten RF-Transmitter voraus, über den häufig nur neuere Modelle verfügen. Da die telemedizinischen Anwendungen überwiegend bei ICD- und CRT-Patienten und weniger bei Schrittmacherpatienten eingesetzt worden sind, ist die Datenlage für Schrittmacherpatienten begrenzt. An klinischen Ereignissen finden sich bei Schrittmacherpatienten vor allem Vorhofflimmerepisoden, deren klinische Bedeutung für die klinische Routine noch zu erarbeiten ist. Gerätetechnische Fehlfunktionen sind hingegen selten. Laufende randomisierte Studien vergleichen bei vielen Patienten über lange Zeit das telemedizinische mit dem konventionellen Vorgehen, um die Vorteile der Telemedizin für Schrittmacherpatienten gesichert aufzuzeigen.

Abstract

Present-day remote systems for cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) provide, in contrast to previous solutions, a broad range of data about the patient and the implanted device (“remote control”). Telemedicine includes remote monitoring as well as remote follow-up: Remote monitoring is the continual interrogation of the device to detect patient- or device-related adverse events earlier than with standard follow-up visits. Remote follow-up aims to replace scheduled and unscheduled face-to-face follow-up visits due to the interrogation of the automatic pacemaker functions. Currently available remote systems, such as Home Monitoring, CareLink, Merlin.net, and Latitude, have in common that they interrogate the device, send these data to a server, and provide the data to the physician on a secured web site. Automatic wireless interrogation of the device is the preferred solution; however, the devices must have been equipped with a micro-antenna, which is usually restricted to more recent pacemaker models. Knowledge about remote control in pacemaker patients is limited, because most remote applications were evaluated in ICD and CRT patients. While the most frequently reported clinical event in pacemaker patients is atrial fibrillation, the impact in routine clinical follow-up still has to be evaluated in detail. Device-related adverse events are rare. Large, long-term, randomized trials are comparing remote and conventional approaches with the aim of demonstrating the benefits of telemedicine in this patient group.

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Schuchert, A. Telemedizin in der Schrittmachertherapie und Nachsorge. Herzschr. Elektrophys. 20, 164–172 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-009-0058-1

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