Skip to main content
Log in

Der ausreichend gute Therapeut

The sufficiently good therapist

  • Schwerpunkt: Der optimierte Mensch - Originalien
  • Published:
Psychotherapeut Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Psychotherapeuten zeigen eine große Variation in ihrer Fähigkeit, gute Therapieergebnisse zu erzielen. Sie unterscheiden sich v. a. in ihrer Fähigkeit, Brüche der therapeutischen Allianz zu bemerken und zu reparieren. Allianzrupturen sind ein häufiges Phänomen, bleiben aber oft unentdeckt. Andererseits stellt die Reparatur von Allianzrupturen eine große Chance für den Therapieprozess und das Therapieergebnis dar. Empirische Studien legen nahe, Rückmeldungen der Patienten systematisch in den Therapieprozess zu integrieren, um Allianzrupturen frühzeitig zu entdecken. Aus psychodynamischer Sicht ist ein Psychotherapeut dann ein „ausreichend guter“ Therapeut, wenn er seine eigenen, auf unbewussten Aspekten seiner Gegenübertragung beruhenden Begrenzungen bei der Beurteilung der therapeutischen Beziehung zu seinen Patienten anerkennt und ihre Rückmeldungen nutzt, um unvermeidliche Allianzbrüche zu entdecken und zu reparieren. Konsequenzen für Forschung, Praxis und Psychotherapieausbildung werden erörtert.

Abstract

Psychotherapists show a great variation in their ability to achieve positive outcomes in therapy. Specifically, they vary in terms of their ability to identify and repair ruptures in the therapeutic alliance. Alliance ruptures are a frequent phenomenon but often go undetected; however, repairing alliance ruptures represents a great opportunity to improve the psychotherapy process and therapy outcome. Empirical research suggests that patient feedback should be included in the psychotherapy process to be able to detect alliance ruptures better. From a psychodynamic point of view, a “sufficiently good” therapist is a therapist who can acknowledge the countertransference-based limitations in evaluating the therapeutic alliance with patients and the need to use feedback in order to detect and repair inevitable alliance ruptures. The consequences for research, practice and psychotherapy training are considered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  • Ackerman SJ, Hilsenroth MJ (2001) A review of therapist characteristics and techniques negatively impacting the therapeutic alliance. Psychotherapy 38:171–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson T, Ogles BM, Patterson CL, Lambert MJ, Vermeersch DA (2009) Therapist effects: facilitative interpersonal skills as a predictor of therapist effects. J Clin Psychol 65:755–768

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins DC, Christensen A (2001) Is professional training worth the bother? A review of the impact of psychotherapy training on client outcome. Aust Psychol 36:122–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertolino B, Bargmann S, Miller SD (2013) Manual 1: what works in therapy: a primer. The ICCE manuals of feedback informed treatment. International Center for Clinical Excellence, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Beutler LE, Malik M, Alimohamed S, Harwood TM, Talebi H, Noble S et al (2004) Therapist variables. In: Lambert MJ (Hrsg) Bergin and Garfield’s Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change. Wiley, New York, S 227–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Bordin E (1979) The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychother Theory Res Practice 16:252–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coutinho J, Ribeiro E, Hill C, Safran J (2011) Therapists’ and clients’ experiences of alliance ruptures: a qualitative study. Psychother Res 21:525–540

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan BL, Miller SD, Wampold BE, Hubble MA (Hrsg) (2010) The Heart and Soul of Change: delivering What Works in Therapy, 2. Aufl. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Grace M, Kivlighan DM, Kunce J (1995) The effect of nonverbal skills training on counsellor trainee nonverbal sensitivity and responsiveness and on session impact and working alliance ratings. J Couns Develop 73:547–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hannan C, Lambert MJ, Harmon C, Nielsen SL, Smart DW, Shimokawa K et al. (2005) A lab test and algorithms for identifying clients at risk for treatment failure. J Clin Psychol 61:155–163

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henry WP, Schacht TE, Strupp HH (1990) Patient and therapist introject, interpersonal process and differential outcome. J Consult Clin Psychol 58:768–774

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Imel Z, Barco J, Brown H, Baucom B, Baer J, Kircher J, Atkins D (2014) The association of therapist empathy and synchrony in vocally encöoded arousal. J Couns Psychol 61:146–153

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert MJ (2010) Prevention of treatment failure: the use of measuring, monitoring, and feedback in clinical practice. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nissen-Lie H, Monsen JT, Rønnestad MH (2010) Therapist predictors of early patient-rated working alliance: a multilevel approach. Psychother Res 20:627–646

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Norcross JC, Wampold BE (2011) Evidence-based therapy relationships: research conclusions and clinical practices. Psychotherapy 48:98–102

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramseyer F, Tschacher W (2011) Nonverbal synchrony in psycho therapy: coordinated body movement reflects relationship quality and outcome. J Consult Clin Psychol 79:284–295

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes RH, Hill CE, Thompson BJ, Elliot R (1994) Client retrospective recall of resolved and unresolved misunderstanding events. J Couns Psychol 41:473–483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro E, Ribeiro A, Gonçalves M, Horvath A, Stiles W (2013) How collaboration in therapy becomes therapeutic: the therapeutic collaboration coding system. Psychol Psychother 86:294–314

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schauenburg H, Buchheim A, Beckh K, Nolte T, Brenk-Franz K, Leichsenring et al (2010) The influence of psychodynamically oriented therapists’ attachment representations on outcome and alliance in inpatient psychotherapy. Psychother Res 20:193–202

  • Schore AN (2007) Affektregulation und die Reorganisation des Selbst, 2. Aufl. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Walfish S, McAllister B, O’Donnell P, Lambert MJ (2012) An investigation of self-assessment bias in mental health professionals. Psychol Reports 110:639–944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wampold BE, Brown GS (2005) Estimating variability in outcomes attributable to therapists: a naturalistic study of outcomes in managed care. J Consult Clin Psychol 73:914–923

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winnicott D (1953) Transitional objects and transitional phenomena. Int J Psychoanal 34:89–97

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wöller W, Kruse J (2014) Tiefenpsychologisch fundierte Psychotherapie, 4. Aufl. Schattauer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwiebel R (2015) Von der Angst, Psychoanalytiker zu sein, 2. Aufl. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wolfgang Wöller.

Ethics declarations

Interessenkonflikt

Wolfgang Wöller gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Additional information

Redaktion

M. Cierpka, Heidelberg

V. Kast, St. Gallen

P. Henningsen, München

Überarbeitete Fassung eines Vortrags bei den 65. Lindauer Psychotherapiewochen 2015.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wöller, W. Der ausreichend gute Therapeut. Psychotherapeut 61, 105–109 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-016-0086-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-016-0086-3

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation