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Anatomy of proximal attachment, course, and innervation of hamstring muscles: a pictorial essay

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Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Aims and scope

Abstract

Hamstring injuries are very common in sports medicine. Knowing their anatomy, morphology, innervation, and function is important to provide a proper diagnosis, treatment as well as appropriate prevention strategies. In this pictorial essay, based on anatomical dissection, the detailed anatomy of muscle–tendon complex is reviewed, including their proximal attachment, muscle course, and innervation. To illustrate hamstrings’ role in the rotational control of the tibia, the essay also includes the analysis of their biomechanical function.

Level of evidence V (expert opinion based on laboratory study).

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Acknowledgements

We thank Maciej Śmiarowski (https://www.artlaboratory.eu) who provided photographic documentation. Dr. Robert Śmigielski wishes to dedicate the article to his mentor—Dr. Bernhard Segesser. The project was co-funded by the Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Science (LIROMS).

Funding

The project was co-funded by the Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Science (LIROMS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Carolina Medical Center, Pory 78, 02-757, Warsaw, Poland

    Karolina Stępień

  2. Mirai Institute, Wolska 96, 01-126, Warsaw, Poland

    Robert Śmigielski

  3. MIBO Foundation-The International Institute for Orthopaedic Research, Twarda 4, 00-105, Warsaw, Poland

    Robert Śmigielski

  4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, Clinique d’Eich. 78, rue d’Eich, 1460, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

    Caroline Mouton & Romain Seil

  5. Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland

    Bogdan Ciszek

  6. Department of Neurosurgery, Prof. Bogdanowicz Children Hospital, Niekłańska 4/24, 03-924, Warsaw, Poland

    Bogdan Ciszek

  7. Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Osnabrück Clinic, Am Finkenhügel 1, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany

    Martin Engelhardt

  8. Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 78 rue d’Eich, 1460, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

    Romain Seil

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  1. Karolina Stępień
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Correspondence to Karolina Stępień.

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Stępień, K., Śmigielski, R., Mouton, C. et al. Anatomy of proximal attachment, course, and innervation of hamstring muscles: a pictorial essay. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 27, 673–684 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-5265-z

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