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Sarkopenie und Frailty in der Neurologie

Sarcopenia and frailty in neurology

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Zusammenfassung

Sarkopenie und Frailty sind häufige, alltagsrelevante und lebensqualitätbeeinflussende geriatrische Syndrome. Über das Vorkommen dieser Syndrome bei und den Einfluss dieser Syndrome auf altersassoziierte/n neurologische/n Erkrankungen wie Parkinson-, Alzheimer-Erkrankung und Schlaganfall ist wenig bekannt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel stellt die Konzepte von Sarkopenie und Frailty vor, arbeitet die Relevanz der Symptome beim alten Menschen heraus und stellt dann die bis dato vorliegende Literatur zum Thema Sarkopenie/Frailty bei den genannten neurologischen Erkrankungen beispielhaft vor. Erste Studien weisen auf eine hohe Koinzidenz und einen großen Einfluss dieser Syndrome auf Parkinson-, Alzheimer-Erkrankung und Schlaganfall hin. Auch gibt es Hinweise auf gemeinsame Ursachen/Pathophysiologien von Sarkopenie/Frailty und z. B. der Alzheimer-Erkrankung. Zusammenfassend besteht ein Defizit an Wissen über die Zusammenhänge zwischen den beiden geriatrischen Syndromen Sarkopenie und Frailty und altersassoziierten neurologischen Erkrankungen. Eine umfassende und alltagsorientierte neurologische Therapie ist nur möglich, wenn die Interaktion dieser geriatrischen Syndrome mit neurologischen Erkrankungen besser verstanden und die gewonnenen Ergebnisse in Therapiekonzepte adäquat eingebettet werden.

Summary

Sarcopenia and frailty are common geriatric syndromes and are associated with adverse health outcome and impaired health-related quality of life. Co-occurrences of these two syndromes with age-related neurological diseases are potentially high but not well investigated. Moreover, it is not well understood how these syndromes interact with neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and stroke. This article introduces the currently most accepted concepts of sarcopenia and frailty, discusses the potential relevance of the syndromes for geriatric patients and presents examples of studies that investigated potential interactions between these geriatric and neurological syndromes and conditions. First results indicate that (i) the co-occurrence of these geriatric syndromes and age-related neurological diseases is high, (ii) sarcopenia and frailty can influence the clinical state of neurological diseases to a relevant extent and (iii) at least some common causes and pathophysiological processes confer the geriatric and neurological conditions. In conclusion, profound knowledge about the interaction of sarcopenia, frailty and age-associated neurological conditions is currently not available. Such knowledge would have an enormous potential for improved therapy of these neurological conditions.

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Danksagung

Die Erstellung dieses Manuskripts wurde teilweise durch Fördermittel innerhalb des 7. Rahmenprogramms der Europäischen Union (Bewilligungs-Nr. HEALTH-F2-2011-278850 - INMiND) unterstützt.

Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. W. Maetzler, M. Drey und A.H. Jacobs geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurologie mit Schwerpunkt Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institut für klinische Hirnforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland

    W. Maetzler

  2. Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Tübingen, Deutschland

    W. Maetzler

  3. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Schwerpunkt Akutgeriatrie, Klinikum der Universität München (LMU), München, Deutschland

    M. Drey

  4. Klinik für Geriatrie mit Neurologie und Tagesklinik, Johanniter Krankenhaus Bonn, Johanniter Str. 1–3, 53111, Bonn, Deutschland

    A.H. Jacobs MSc

  5. European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms Universität (WWU), Münster, Deutschland

    A.H. Jacobs MSc

Authors
  1. W. Maetzler
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  2. M. Drey
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  3. A.H. Jacobs MSc
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Correspondence to A.H. Jacobs MSc.

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Maetzler, W., Drey, M. & Jacobs, A. Sarkopenie und Frailty in der Neurologie. Nervenarzt 86, 420–430 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4181-9

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