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Körperliches Training bei neurologischen und psychischen Erkrankungen

Physical training for neurological and mental diseases

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Körperliche Aktivität hat positive Effekte auf somatische und psychische Gesundheitsfaktoren. Systematisches körperliches Training hat somit ein präventives und therapeutisches Potenzial, auch neurologische und psychische Erkrankungen günstig zu beeinflussen.

Fragestellung

In dieser Literaturübersicht wird die aktuelle Evidenz der Wirksamkeit körperlichen Trainings bei neurologischen und psychischen Erkrankungen dargestellt. Besonders wird auf Interventionen bei Schlaganfällen, Demenzen, Morbus Parkinson, Depressionen, Psychosen, Angststörungen und chronischen Schmerzsyndromen eingegangen.

Ergebnisse

Körperliche Aktivität senkt das Risiko, Schlaganfälle, demenzielle Erkrankungen oder einen Morbus Parkinson zu entwickeln. Auch ist sie negativ mit der Dysthymie und anderen depressiven Symptomen sowie verschiedenen Angst- und Schmerzstörungen assoziiert. Eine therapeutische Wirksamkeit systematischen körperlichen Trainings konnte v. a. für Depressionen, einige Symptome von Psychosen und der Multiplen Sklerose, bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen, Essstörungen, das Fibromyalgiesyndrom, Kopfschmerzsyndrome und für die Kurzintervention bei Angststörungen nachgewiesen werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Der gezielte Einsatz körperlichen Trainings bei prophylaktischen und therapeutischen Interventionen kann die Krankheitslast verschiedener neurologischer und psychischer Störungen senken. Es fehlen weiter wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen hinsichtlich optimaler Dauer, Art und Intensität sowie möglicher Risiken körperlichen Trainings.

Summary

Background

Physical activity has beneficial effects on somatic and mental health factors; therefore, regular exercise has preventive and therapeutic capabilities to improve neurological and mental dysfunction.

Objectives

In this overview of the current literature, the evidence of the effects of exercise on such disorders is summarized. Physical exercise interventions for stroke, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, depression, psychoses, anxiety disorders, and chronic pain syndromes are considered in detail.

Results

Physical activity reduces the risk of suffering from stroke, dementia and Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, it is negatively correlated with dysthymia and other depressive symptoms and various anxiety and pain disorders as well as headache syndromes. A therapeutic effect of systematic physical exercise was revealed for depression, some symptoms of psychosis and multiple sclerosis, addiction, eating disorders, the fibromyalgia syndrome as well as short-term interventions for anxiety disorders.

Conclusion

The concerted integration of physical exercise into prophylactic and therapeutic interventions can lower the burden of neurological and mental diseases; however, scientific evidence is still lacking concerning the optimal duration, type, and intensity as well as potential risks of physical exercise.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. K. Henkel, C.D. Reimers, G. Knapp und F. Schneider geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine eigenen Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52072, Aachen, Deutschland

    K. Henkel & F. Schneider

  2. Neurologie Neuer Wall, Hamburg, Deutschland

    C.D. Reimers

  3. Fakultät Statistik, Statistik in den Ingenieurwissenschaften, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Deutschland

    G. Knapp

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  1. K. Henkel
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  2. C.D. Reimers
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  4. F. Schneider
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Correspondence to K. Henkel.

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Henkel, K., Reimers, C., Knapp, G. et al. Körperliches Training bei neurologischen und psychischen Erkrankungen. Nervenarzt 85, 1521–1528 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-013-3978-2

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