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Psychosoziale Interventionen bei Demenz

Psychosocial interventions in dementia

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Zusammenfassung

Psychosoziale Interventionen fördern die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit (kognitive Stimulation, kognitives Training), stützen das emotionale Wohlbefinden (Aktivitätsaufbau, Erinnerungstherapie), mildern Verhaltenssymptome (Aromatherapie, Musiktherapie) und tragen zur Aufrechterhaltung der Funktionsfähigkeit im Alltag bei (Ergotherapie). Aufgrund dieser Effekte sind sie dazu geeignet, die Pharmakotherapie der Demenz zu verstärken und zu ergänzen. Ferner vervollständigen sie die Behandlung der Patienten durch die Unterstützung der Bezugspersonen (Psychoedukation, Entlastungsstrategien). Das Potenzial psychosozialer Interventionen muss in künftigen Studien mit verbesserten Untersuchungsmethoden im Hinblick auf wirksame Komponenten, klinische Bedeutsamkeit und Dauer der Effekte, individuelles Ansprechen auf die Behandlung sowie gesundheitsökonomische Relevanz weiter ausgelotet werden.

Summary

Psychosocial interventions improve cognitive abilities (cognitive stimulation, cognitive training), enhance emotional well-being (activity planning, reminiscence), reduce behavioral symptoms (aromatherapy, music therapy) and promote everyday functioning (occupational therapy). Through these effects they reinforce and augment pharmacological treatments for dementia. In addition, psychosocial interventions complement the treatment of patients by supporting family caregivers (educational groups, support programs). The potential of psychosocial interventions in dementia needs to be explored further in studies using improved methodology to determine effective components, clinical relevance and duration of effects, predictors of individual treatment response and health-economic implications.

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland

    A. Kurz

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Kurz, A. Psychosoziale Interventionen bei Demenz. Nervenarzt 84, 93–105 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-012-3655-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-012-3655-x

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