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Ursachen, Verletzungen, Therapie und Präventionsmöglichkeiten von Unfällen im Reitsport

Ergebnisse einer 2-Center-Studie

Causes, injuries, therapy and possibilities of prevention of equine-related accidents

Results of a 2-center-study

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Pferdesport ist mit einer hohen Anzahl von Unfällen assoziiert. Allerdings existieren aufgrund mangelnder Kenntnisse über Unfallursachen/-mechanismen eingeschränkte Möglichkeiten der Prävention. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 198 Reitunfälle analysiert und anhand der Ergebnisse Risikogruppen identifiziert sowie unfall- und somit verletzungspräventive Maßnahmen formuliert.

Material und Methoden

In diese 2-Center-Studie wurden Patienten eingeschlossen, die zwischen dem 01.01.2010 und 01.01.2011 aufgrund eines Reitunfalls in den BG-Unfallkliniken Berlin oder Hamburg behandelt wurden und der Studienteilnahme zustimmten. Anhand der klinikinternen Dokumentation und mittels eines Fragenbogens wurden Daten über die Demographie der verunfallten Reiter, genutzte Schutzkleidung zum Unfallzeitpunkt und über reitunfallassoziierte Verletzungen und Therapien evaluiert und analysiert.

Ergebnisse

Es handelte sich um 169 (85,5%) weibliche und 29 (14,5%) männliche Reiter mit einem medianen Alter von 27,2 (5–74) Jahren; 55 Reiter (27,8%) waren <18 Jahre alt; 134 (67,7%) Reiter wurden ambulant und 64 (32,3%) stationär behandelt; 51 (25,8%) Reiter unterzogen sich einer operativen Therapie. Zum Unfallzeitpunkt trugen 66 (33,3%) Reiter einen Schutzhelm und 14 (7,1%) eine Schutzweste.

Diskussion

Im Gegensatz zu Schutzwesten kommen Helme im Reitsport zunehmend zum Einsatz. Während Helme eine verletzungspräventive Funktion zu haben scheinen, konnte selbige bei Schutzwesten anhand unserer Daten nicht nachgewiesen werden. So erlitten in der vorliegenden Arbeit Westenträger prozentual mehr Verletzungen am Oberkörper als Nicht-Westenträger. Kinder und Jugendliche Anfänger überschätzen oft ihre Reitfähigkeiten und bedürfen einer professionellen Schulung und Beaufsichtigung durch erfahrene Reiter.

Abstract

Background

Horse riding is associated with a high rate of injuries. The possibilities of prevention are limited because of deficient knowledge about the causes and mechanisms of equine-related accidents. In the present study 198 equine-related accidents were analyzed and based on these data risk groups were identified and guidelines to improve safety in horse riding were formulated.

Material and Methods

In this 2-center study the accidents of 169 riders over a period of 12 months were analyzed. Data on equine-related patterns of injury and the resulting treatment were collated from the clinical records. Additionally, a questionnaire was completed on the day of trauma by the patients, which covered age, gender, the cause and mechanism of injury and the use of safety equipment at the time of the accident.

Results

There were 169 (85.5%) female and 29 (14.5%) male riders with a median age of 27.2 years (range 5-74 years). Of the riders 55 (27.8%) were aged 18 years or younger, 134 (67.7%) riders were treated as outpatients while 64 (32.3%) required hospitalization, 51 (25.8%) required surgical treatment, 66 (33.3%) used a helmet and 14 (7.1%) a body protector at the time of accident.

Discussion

Equestrians wear helmets increasingly more when riding but the willingness to wear body protectors is disappointing. Protective headgear has been proven to reduce the risk of injuries but based on these data a positive effect of body protectors could not be shown. In this study safety vest users suffered from injuries of the upper body more often than those who did not wear a body protector. Children and adolescents often overestimate their skills; therefore, teaching and supervision of inexperienced young riders along with the use of protective equipment can prevent major injuries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland

    C. Hessler

  2. Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Deutschland

    V. Eckert & K. Püschel

  3. Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Unfallkrankenhaus Hamburg-Boberg, Hamburg-Boberg, Deutschland

    J. Meiners & C. Jürgens

  4. Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    B. Reicke, G. Matthes & A. Ekkernkamp

Authors
  1. C. Hessler
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  2. V. Eckert
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  3. J. Meiners
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  4. C. Jürgens
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  5. B. Reicke
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  6. G. Matthes
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  7. A. Ekkernkamp
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  8. K. Püschel
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Hessler.

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Hessler, C., Eckert, V., Meiners, J. et al. Ursachen, Verletzungen, Therapie und Präventionsmöglichkeiten von Unfällen im Reitsport. Unfallchirurg 117, 123–127 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-012-2275-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-012-2275-z

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