Zusammenfassung
Die medizinische Versorgung von Migranten und Flüchtlingen ist mit der hohen Zahl von Migranten der letzten Monate ein dringendes Problem im deutschen Gesundheitssystem geworden. Die Versorgung besteht in der Behandlung akuter Gesundheitsprobleme bei der Ankunft, aber auch in der Therapie von übertragbaren und nichtübertragbaren chronischen Erkrankungen sowie langfristig in der Integration in das lokale Gesundheitssystem. Die Gesundheitsprobleme bei Migranten sind vielfältig. Aufgrund der Besonderheiten der Herkunftsländer sind sie uns häufig wenig vertraut. Dies macht deutlich, dass für alle Beteiligten Versorgungsleitlinien sinnvoll wären. In einer Literatur- und Internetrecherche wurden insgesamt 47 Leitlinien identifiziert, von denen zwei besonders ausführlich und klar begründet sind: zum einen die Publikation der Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, zum anderen die Veröffentlichung der Canadian Collaboration for Refugee and Immigrant Health. Eine vergleichende Analyse dieser Vorschläge könnte der Auftakt für die Formulierung einer evidenzbasierten europäischen Leitlinie sein.
Abstract
The medical treatment of migrants and refugees has recently become an important topic in the German healthcare system due to the large numbers of migrants. Healthcare for migrants includes treatment of acute illnesses and trauma on arrival, screening for chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases and in the long term, the integration into the local healthcare system. As health problems of migrants are diverse and dependent on the region of origin, guidelines should be readily available for all healthcare professionals involved in migrant healthcare. A literature search for comprehensive guidelines for screening and treatment of migrant’s health problems detected 47 different guidelines including 2 comprehensive ones from the US Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and the Canadian Collaboration for Immigrant and Refugee Health. Comparative analysis of these guidelines could be a starting point for evidence-based European guidelines on migrant health.
Literatur
Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (2015) Gesundheit von Asylbewerbern: Erstuntersuchungen gewährleistet (Pressemitteilung 6.2.2015): Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit. Erlangen
Rechel B, Mladovsky P, Ingleby D, Mackenbach JP, McKee M (2013) Migration and health in an increasingly diverse Europe. Lancet 381:1235–1245
Rechel B, Mladovsky P, Devillé W, Rijks B, Petrova-Benedict R, McKee M (2011) Migration and health in the european union. McGraw Open University Press, Maidenhead
IOM (2013) International Migration, Health and Human Rights. IOM, Genf
Pottie K, Greenaway C, Feightner J, Welch V, Swinkels H, Rashid M, Narasiah L et al (2011) Evidence-based clinical guidelines for immigrants and refugees. CMAJ 183:E824–925
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) Guidelines for the U.S. Domestic Medical Examination for Newly Arriving Refugees. Atlanta, GA, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015) Guidenlines for evaluating and updateing immunization during the domestic medical examination for newly arrived refugees. Atlanta, GA, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) Screening for sexually transmitted disease during the domestic medical examination for newly arrived refugees. Atlanta, GA, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) Screening for Hepatitisn during the domestic medical examination for newly arrived refugees. Atlanta, GA, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) Intestinal parasite guideline for domestic medical examination for newly arrived refugees. Atlanta, GA, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) Lead screening during the domestic medical examination for newly arrived refugees. Atlanta, GA, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) Guidelines for the evaluation of the nutritional status and growth in refugee children during the domestic screening examination of refugees. Atlanta, GA, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) Guidelines and discussion of the history and physical examination. Atlanta, GA, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) Screening for tuberculosis infection and disease during the domestic medical examination for newly arrived refugees. Atlanta, GA, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) Domestic refugee health guidelines: malaria. Atlanta, GA, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) General refugee health guidelines. Atlanta, GA, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) Screening for HIV-infection during the domestic medical examination for newly arrived refugees. Atlanta, GA, USA
ECDC (2016) Evidence-based guidance for the prevention of infectious diseases among newly arrived migrants in the EU/EEA. ECDC, Stockholm
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Interessenkonflikt
C. Rauscher und B. Salzberger geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
Additional information
Redaktion
S.M. Schellong, Dresden
B. Salzberger, Regensburg
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rauscher, C., Salzberger, B. Erstuntersuchung und Screening von Migranten. Internist 57, 452–456 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-016-0056-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-016-0056-4