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Lungenödem

Pulmonary oedema

  • Schwerpunkt: Pneumologische Notfälle
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Die akute respiratorische Insuffizienz als Folge eines Lungenödems stellt eine lebensbedrohliche Notfallsituation dar. Differenzialdiagnostisch sind hierbei im Wesentlichen kardiogene von nicht kardiogenen Ursachen zu unterscheiden. Neben der kausalen Therapie der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung steht die schnelle symptomatische Behandlung der Gasaustauschstörung im Vordergrund. Hierzu steht derzeit neben effektiven medikamentösen Ansätzen in zunehmendem Maße die nicht-invasive Beatmung zur Verfügung, durch die ein überwiegender Teil der bisher notwendigen endotrachealen Intubationen umgangen werden kann. Die schnelle Verbesserung der arteriellen Oxygenierung führt zusammen mit der medikamentösen Unterstützung der kardialen Funktion (durch Nitrate, Diuretika, ACE-Hemmer etc.) zu einer raschen Verbesserung des myokardialen Sauerstoffangebots und -verbrauchs. Dieser Übersichtsartikel stellt die Pathophysiologie des kardialen Lungenödems in den Vordergrund, während die meisten therapeutischen Ansätze auch für andere Formen des Lungenödems von Bedeutung sind.

Abstract

An acute respiratory insufficiency as a result of pulmonary oedema is regarded as a life threatening emergency event. Diagnostic classification differentiates between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic lung oedema. Symptomatic treatment of the impaired gas exchange often precedes a causal therapy of the underlying disease. For this purpose non-invasive ventilation, in parallel with efficient medical interventions, has come into focus. Moreover, this therapeutic intervention can prevent from the necessity of endotracheal intubation in the majority of cases. Rapid restoration of arterial oxygenation along with medical support of the cardiac function (i.e. by nitrates, diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, etc.) results in improved myocardial oxygen-delivery and reduced oxygen-consumption. This article reviews mainly the pathophysiology of cardiogenic lung edema, while most of the currently discussed therapeutic implications also apply to other entities of lung edema.

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Correspondence to H. A. Ghofrani.

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Ghofrani, H.A. Lungenödem. Internist 45, 565–572 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-004-1175-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-004-1175-x

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