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Stressmanagement als Burn-out-Prophylaxe

Prevention of burnout by stress management

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Burn-out ist eine mögliche Folge von Überforderungssituationen, überstarker Beanspruchung oder fehlender Ressourcen zur Bewältigung schwieriger Aufgaben. Ein systematisches Stressmanagement ist eine Möglichkeit, das Risiko für die Entstehung eines Burn-out-Syndroms zu reduzieren. Auf Basis einer Literaturrecherche zu verfügbaren Originalarbeiten und Metaanalysen in den Datenbanken Medline und Pubmed werden aktuelle Befunde zu Inhalten und zur Effektivität von Stressmanagementprogrammen zur Burn-out-Prophylaxe für unterschiedliche Zielgruppen berichtet. Stressmanagementprogramme können in primär-, sekundär- und tertiärpräventive Programme unterteilt werden. Während primärpräventive Programme wenig spezifisch ausgerichtet sind, fokussieren sekundär- und tertiärpräventive Programme auf die spezifischen Bedürfnisse verschiedener Zielgruppen. Die Wirksamkeit kognitiv-verhaltensorientierter Programme ist dabei am besten belegt. Die Kombination psychoedukativer Maßnahmen mit einer langfristigen Nachbetreuung erhöht die Ansprechrate auf ein Angebot zur Prävention von Burn-out. Neben der Dauer des Programms sind die Verfügbarkeit, Problemzentrierung und Nachhaltigkeit des Angebots für die langfristige Wirksamkeit in der Sekundär- und Tertiärprävention von Bedeutung.

Abstract

Burnout is a possible consequence of excessive demands, high levels of stress, or a consequence of lack of resources for coping with difficult tasks. Systematic stress management might be effective in reducing the risk for development of a burnout syndrome. Based on a literature search on available research papers and meta-analyses in Medline and Pubmed, current findings on the content and effectiveness of stress management programs are reported for different target groups. Stress management programs can be divided into programs focusing on primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. In contrast to primary prevention programs, secondary and tertiary preventive programs focus on the specific needs of different target groups. Cognitive–behavioral programs have been shown to be the most effective interventions. A combination of psycho-educational treatment with follow-up or booster sessions increases the long-term outcome in the prevention of burn-out syndromes. Beside the duration of the program, focus on problems and sustainability of supply is important for the long-term effectiveness in secondary and tertiary prevention.

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  1. Stabsstelle für Evaluation und Begleitforschung, Deutsche Rentenversicherung Rheinland-Pfalz, Speyer, Deutschland

    A. Günthner

  2. Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Calwer Str. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    A. Batra

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  1. A. Günthner
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Günthner, A., Batra, A. Stressmanagement als Burn-out-Prophylaxe. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 55, 183–189 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-011-1406-y

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