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Sexueller Missbrauch an Kindern und Jugendlichen

Child sexual abuse

  • Leitthema: Sexualmedizin
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Der Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht zur Entwicklung der Fachdebatte um den sexuellen Missbrauch an Kindern. Nach einer Einführung in unterschiedliche Definitionen werden Angaben zur Häufigkeit gemacht. Es können, Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Definition, bei Mädchen zwischen 6 % und 25 % und bei Jungen 2 % – 8 % zu den Betroffenen gezählt werden. Psychische Folgen des sexuellen Missbrauchs werden auf der Basis der Forschungsliteratur dargestellt. Notwendige und in Bezug auf die Folgen entbehrliche diagnostische Maßnahmen werden diskutiert. Neuere neurobiologische Befunde zu den Auswirkungen von Traumata und zur Traumaverarbeitung werden ebenfalls vorgestellt. Abschließend erfolgt eine Darstellung der Grundsätze zur Beratung von Betroffenen und eine Übersicht über evidenzbasierte Therapieansätze (Psychotherapie und Pharmakotherapie) der Folgeprobleme. Ein Fazit stellt mögliche Schlussfolgerungen für die Praxis und die klinische Forschung in Deutschland dar.

Abstract

The present paper gives an overview on the development of professional discourse on sexual abuse over the last 20 years in the field of child protection. After the introduction, definitions from different professional perspectives (civil law, criminal law, psychotherapy, counseling, etc.) are given. Based on these definitions an epidemiological range of prevalence figures is described. In the literature, rates ranging from 6 to 25 % in girls and 2 to 8 % in boy as victims of sexual abuse can be observed. Psychiatric consequences of sexual abuse are described based on an overview of the literature. Diagnostic approaches to posttraumatic problems are discussed and distinguished from obsolete measures. Some neurobiological findings are presented. Finally the foundations of counseling, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy of behavioral of symptoms and PTSD are discussed on the bases of a literature review of controlled clinical trials. In conclusion, further developments in psychotherapy and research are discussed for the German practical child protection field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, BRD

    Jörg M. Fegert

  2. Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Kinderund Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075, Ulm, BRD

    Jörg M. Fegert

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Fegert, J.M. Sexueller Missbrauch an Kindern und Jugendlichen. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 50, 78–89 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-007-0111-y

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