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Chest Pain Units oder Chest-Pain-Algorithmus?

Chest pain units or chest pain algorithm?

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

In Kliniken stellen sich zahlreiche Patienten mit akuten Thoraxschmerzen zur diagnostischen Abklärung vor. In etwa 10–15 % sind diese Beschwerden durch einen akuten Myokardinfarkt (MI), in über 50 % der Fälle durch nichtkardiale Erkrankungen bedingt. Es wird ein großes Verbesserungspotenzial für die Versorgung von betroffenen Patienten diskutiert.

Fragestellung

Wie kann die Versorgung betroffener Patienten in Deutschland verbessert werden?

Methodik

Es wurde eine selektive Literatursuche mit den Begriffen „chest pain“, „emergency department“, „acute coronary syndrome“ und „chest pain evaluation“ durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Da für die Versorgung von Patienten mit akutem MI ein hohes Verbesserungspotenzial gesehen wird, werden von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie Empfehlungen zu Struktur, Ausstattung und Organisation einer Chest Pain Unit mit räumlich von der Notfallversorgung der Kliniken abgetrennten Strukturen unter Leitung eines Kardiologen empfohlen. Eine leitsymptomgeleitete Zuordnung von Patienten in fachspezifischen Zentren wäre gerechtfertigt, wenn alle infrage kommenden Differenzialdiagnosen in einem Fachgebiet angesiedelt sind. Dies ist aber für keines der 4 häufigsten Leitsymptome für einen akuten MI (Bauchschmerzen, Atemnot, Schwäche, Thoraxschmerzen) der Fall. Die exklusive Betreuung betroffener Patienten durch eine Fachdisziplin kann durch die Vieldeutigkeit von Symptomen zu einer Unter- oder Überversorgung betroffener Patienten mit anderen akut lebensbedrohlichen Erkrankungen führen. Eine strukturierte multiprofessionelle Abklärung der betroffenen Patienten mithilfe eines sog. Chest-Pain-Algorithmus unter Beteiligung von Notfall- und Intensivmedizinern, Kardiologen, Internisten, Geriatern, Allgemeinmedizinern, Rettungsmedizinern und -assistenten sowie Pflegenden wird dazu beitragen, betroffene Patienten optimal zu betreuen. Grundlage hierfür ist eine begleitende regelmäßige Evaluation wichtiger Schlüsselindikatoren verbunden mit regelmäßiger Reflexion und institutionalisiertem Feedback.

Abstract

Background

A large number of patients present to the emergency department (ED) for evaluation of acute chest pain. About 10–15 % are caused by acute myocardial infarction (MI), and over 50 % of cases are due to noncardiac reasons. Further improvement for chest pain evaluation appears necessary.

Objectives

What are current options to improve chest pain evaluation in Germany?

Methods

A selective literature search was performed using the following terms: “chest pain”, “emergency department”, “acute coronary syndrome” and “chest pain evaluation”.

Results and discussion

A working group of the German Society of Cardiology published recommendations for infrastructure, equipment and organisation of chest pain units in Germany, which should be separated from the ED of hospitals and be under the leadership of a cardiologist. A symptom-based decision for acute care would be preferable if all differential diagnoses of diseases could be managed by one medical specialty: However, all four main symptoms of patients with acute MI (chest pain, acute dyspnea, abdominal pain, dizziness) are also caused by diseases of different specialties. Evaluation and treatment of acute chest pain by representatives of one specialty would lead to over- or undertreatment of affected patients. Therefore we suggest a multidisciplinary evaluation of patients with acute chest pain including representatives of emergency and critical care physicians, cardiologists, internists, geriatricians, family physicians, premedics and emergency nurses. Definition of key indicators of performance and institutionalized feedback will help to further improve quality of care.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. M. Christ, H. Dormann, R. Enk, S. Popp, K. Singler, C. Müller und H. Mang geben an, dass kein Interessenskonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Correspondence to M. Christ.

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„Every system is perfectly designed to get the results it gets. We must change systems to improve performance“. Donald Berwick, ehemaliger Präsident des Institute for Health Care Improvement, USA.

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Christ, M., Dormann, H., Enk, R. et al. Chest Pain Units oder Chest-Pain-Algorithmus?. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 109, 495–503 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-013-0342-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-013-0342-z

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