Abstract
Purpose: To compare the incidence of airway complications in children less than one year of age whose airways were maintained during anesthesia with either a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or a facemask and oral airway (FM-OA).
Methods: We randomized 49 — ASA class 1&2 — infants to an LMA or FM-OA group. All infants were undergoing minor general, urological or orthopedic procedures. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with halothane in nitrous oxide 50% and oxygen. The airway was removed in both groups when the infant was awake. The occurrence of airway complications (breath-holding, coughing, laryngospasm, secretions, obstruction and oxygen saturation <95%) at induction of anesthesia, intraoperatively and during emergence from anesthesia was recorded.
Results: Airway complications occurred perioperatively in 15 of 27 infants in the LMA group and in 5 of 22 infants in the FM-OA group (P :0.02).
Conclusion: In infants, the use of the LMA is associated with an increased incidence of airway complications compared with the use of the FM-OA.
Résumé
Objectif: Comparer l’incidence de complications de la canulation chez des enfants de moins d’un an dont l’accès aux voies aériennes a été maintenu pendant l’anesthésie, soit avec un masque laryngé (ML), soit avec un masque et une canule orale (M-CO).
Méthode: Nous avons réparti 49 enfants — ASA I et II — en groupes ML ou M-CO. Tous les enfants devaient subir une intervention mineure, urologique ou orthopédique. L’anesthésie a été induite et maintenue avec de l’halothane dans un mélange à 50% de protoxyde d’azote et d’oxygène. La canule a été retirée chez tous les enfants à leur réveil. On a noté l’occurrence de complications de la canulation (arrêt de la respiration, toux, laryngospasme, sécrétions, obstruction et saturation en oxygène<95%) lors de l’induction de l’naesthésie, pendant l’opération et pendant la récupération de l’anesthésie.
Résultats: Les complications peropératoires de la canulation sont survenues chez 15 des 27 enfants du groupe ML et chez 5 des 22 enfants du groupe M-CO (P: 0,02).
Conclusion: Chez les enfants, l’usage du ML, comparé à celui d’un masque et d’une canule orale, est associé à une incidence accrue de complications de la canulation.
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Harnett, M., Kinirons, B., Heffernan, A. et al. Airway complications in infants: comparison of laryngeal mask airway and the facemask-oral airway. Can J Anesth 47, 315–318 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03020944
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03020944