Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of morphine sulphate and/or acupuncture by means of electrocautery at Jen Chung (Go-26) were studied in 35 dogs. All animals were maintained under anaesthesia with halothane 0.75 per cent supplemented by the intravenous administration of succinylcholine to allow controlled ventilation during a two hour period of monitoring. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, [H+] (pH) PaC02, Pa02 and base deficit were measured in each dog.
Morphine 0.5 mg ·kg-1, administered alone as a single bolus, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased cardiac output, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and significantly increased stroke volume and pulse pressure in dogs under halothane anaesthesia. Acupuncture by electrocautery alone induced a significant increase in cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure with a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance following halothane. Acupuncture at Jen Chung (Go-26) for 10 minutes following the intravenous administration of morphine caused a significant increase in cardiac output, heart rate and mean arterial pressure with a significant decrease in central venous pressure and total peripheral resistance during halothane anaesthesia.
The depressant effect of morphine on cardiac output, heart rate and mean arterial pressure in dogs under halothane anaesthesia appears to be reversed by acupuncture by electrocautery at Jen Chung (Go-26). Stimulation of this acupuncture locus could be helpful in resuscitating patients whose cardiovascular system is depressed by morphine and/or halothane anaes-thesia.
Ré SUMé
Les effets cardiovascutaires du sulfate de morphine et, ou de l’acupuncture é lectrique au point de Jen Chung (Go-26, point situé entre la lèvre supérieure et la base du nez) ont fait l’objet de cette é tude effectué e chez le chien. A cet effet, 35 chiens ont é té anesthé sié s à l’halothane à une concentration de 0.75 pour cent et maintenus sous perfusion de succinylcholine et en respiration contrôlé e durant les deux heures de la procé dure. Les paramètres mesuré s é taient le débit et la fré quence cardiaque, le volume d’é jection, la pression arté rielle moyenne et la pression diffé rentielle, la pression veineuse centrale et la ré sistance pé riphé rique ainsi que la [H+] (pH), la Paco2 la Pao2 et le “base excess”. La morphine, seule, administré e en bolus intraveneuse à la dose de 0.5 mg·kg-1 produisait une diminution significative (p < .05) du dé bit cardiaque, de la fré quence cardiaque et de la pression arté rielle moyenne et une augmentation significative du volume d’é jection et de la ré sistance pé riphé rique totale de chiens anesthé sié s à l’halothane. L’acupuncture é lectrique, seule, administré e durant dix minutes amenait une augmentation significative du dé bit cardiaque, du volume d’é jection, de la fré quence cardiaque, de la pression arté rielle moyenne et de la pression diffé rentielle avec une diminution significative de la ré sistance pé riphé rique totale. L’acupuncture é lectrique administré e durant dix minutes au point de Jen Chung après l’administration intraveineuse de sulfate de morphine causait une augmentation significative du dé bit et de la fré quence cardiaque, et de la pression arté rielle moyenne, avec une diminution significative de la pression veineuse centrale et de la ré sistance pé riphé rique chez les chiens anesthé sié s à l’halothane.
Les effets dé presseurs produits par la morphine sur le dé bit cardiaque, la fré quence cardiaque et la pression arté rielle moyenne de chiens anesthé sié s à l’halothane semblent donc renversé s par l’administration d’acupuncture é lectrique au point de Jen Chung (Go-26). La stimulation de ce point d’acupuncture pourrait être utile dans la ré animation de malades au système cardiovasculaire dé primé par la morphine ou une anesthé sie à l’halothane.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Goodman, L.S. &Gilman, A. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 5th ed., The Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc., New York, N.Y. (1975).
Papper, E.M. &Bradley, S.E. Hemodynamic effects of intravenous morphine and Pentothal sodium. J.Pharmocol. Exp. Ther.74: 319 (1942).
Fennessy, M.R. &Rattray, J.F. Cardiovascular effects of intravenous morphine in the anesthetized rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol.14: 1 (1971).
Henney, R.P., Vasko, J.S., Brawley, R.F., Oldham, H.N. &Morrow, A.C. The effects of morphine on the resistance and capacitance vessels of the peripheral circulation. Am. Heart J.72: 242 (1966).
Medina, A.N. &Bermudez, M. Hypotensive effect of morphine. Influence of histamine on acute tolerance to the drug. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther.188:249 (1970).
Miller, R.I., Forsyth, R.P. &Melmon, K.I. Morphine redistribution of cardiac output in the unanesthetized monkey. Pharmacology7: 138 (1972).
Samuel, I.O. &Dundee, J.W. Circulatory effects of morphine. Br. J. Anaesth.47: 1025 (1975).
Ward, J.M., McGrath, R.L. &Weil, J.V. Effects of morphine on the peripheral vascular response to sympathetic stimulation. Am. J. Cardiol.29: 659 (1972).
Vasko, J.S., Henney, R.P., Brawley, R.K., Oldham, H.N. &Morrow, A.G. Effects of morphine on ventricular function and myocardial contractile force. Am. J. Physiol.210: 329 (1966).
Fennessy, M.R. The behavior, cardiovascular and respiratory actions of morphine-N-oxide in the dog. Eur. J. Pharmacol.8: 261 (1969).
Altman, S. Acupuncture as an emergency treatment. Calif. Vet.33: 6 (1979).
Choe, Y.T. &Lee, S.H. Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meridians and Points. Ko Moon Sa, Seoul, Korea (1973).
Lee, D.C., Lee, M.O. &Clifford, D.H. Cardiovascular effects of acupuncture in anesthetized dogs. Am. J. Chin. Med.2: 271 (1974).
Lee, D.C., Lee, M.O. &Clifford, D.H. Cardiovascular effects of moxibustion at Jen Chung (Go-26) during halothane anesthesia in dogs. Am. J. Chin. Med.3: 245 (1975).
Lee, D.C., Yoon, D.S., Lee, M.O. &Clifford, D.H. Some effects of acupuncture at Jen Chung (Go-26) on cardiovascular dynamics in dogs. Can. J.Comp. Med.41: 446 (1977).
Lee, D.C. Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of acupuncture by various forms of stimulation in dogs during halothane anesthesia. Am. J. Acupuncture6: 209 (1978).
Carron, H., Epstein, B.S. &Grand, B. Complications of acupuncture. J.A.M.A.228: 1552 (1974).
Soma, L.R. Textbook of Veterinary Anesthesia, The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore (1971).
Price, H.L. &Price, M.B. Has halothane a predominate circulatory action? Anesthesiology27: 764 (1966).
Shimosoto, S., Li, T.H. &Etsten, B. Ventricular function during halothane anesthesia in the closed-chest dog. Circ. Res.12: 63 (1963).
Millar, R.A. &Briscoe, T.J. Preganglionic sympathetic activity and the effects of anaesthetics. Br. J. Anaesth.37: 804 (1965).
Wang, H.H., Epstein, R.A., Markee, S.J. &Bartetone, H.J. The effects of halothane on peripheral and central vasomotor control mechanisms of the dog. Anesthesiology29: 877 (1968).
Clifford, D.H., Lee, M.O., Byun, K.W. &Lee, D.C. Effects of autonomic drugs on the cardiovascular system: Dogs with achalasia (under halothane anesthesia). Am. J. Vet. Res.38: 323 (1977).
Lee, D.C, Lee, MO., Clifford, D.H. &Morris, L.E. Inhibition of the cardiovascular effects of acupuncture (moxibustion) by propranolol in dogs under halothane anesthesia. Canad. Anaesth. Soc. J.23: 307 (1976).
Lee, M.O., Lee, D.C, &Clifford, D.H. Inhibition of the cardiovascular effects of acupuncture (moxibustion) by phentolamine in dogs during halothane anesthesia. Am. J. Chin. Med.4: 153 (1976).
Anon. An Outline of Chinese Acupuncture. Foreign Language Press, Peking, (1975).
Frost, E.A.M. Acupuncture for the comatose patient. Am. J. Acupuncture4: 45 (1976).
Khoe, W.H. The use of acupuncture in emergency cases. Am. J. Acupuncture4: 66 (1976).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This study was partially supported by BRS Grant 5-SO1-RR-05700-08 (NIH) and the Northwest Ohio Chapter of the American Heart Association, and was conducted in conformity with the Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Animals approved by the Council of the American Physiological Society.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, D.C., Clifford, D.H., Lee, M.O. et al. Reversal by acupuncture of cardiovascular depression induced with morphine during halothane anaesthesia in dogs. Canad. Anaesth. Soc. J. 28, 129–135 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03007256
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03007256