Zusammenfassung
Theorien der Gesundheitspsychologie scheinen meist nur nebeneinander zu stehen, weisen tatsächlich aber zahlreiche Ähnlichkeiten und Überschneidungen auf. Zentrale und nützliche Konstrukte (z. B. Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung) lassen sich identifizieren. Integrationen von verschiedenen Theorien und Annahmen befinden sich in der Anwendung und Überprüfung.
Welche Theorie die beste ist, kann anhand verschiedener Kriterien beurteilt werden. Je nach den angelegten Kriterien können unterschiedliche Beurteilungen resultieren: So mag für die in der Praxis tätigen Gesundheitspsychologen bedeutsamer sein, dass ein Modell darüber Aussagen macht, wie die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung konkret erhöht wird, während Gesundheitspsychologen in der Forschung mehr daran interessiert sein könnten, wie hoch die Varianzaufklärung oder wie gut die Modellpassung ist.
In der Zukunft sollte diesen Fragen weiter nachgegangen, Forschungsdesigns verbessert (z. B. mehr experimentelle Studien) und Entwicklungen weiter integriert werden (z. B. Befunde zu Stadientheorien und linearen Modellen). Theorien sollten weiterhin gesundheitspsychologische Forschung und Praxis leiten und stärker für die Gesundheitsförderung (▸ Kap. 8) genutzt werden.
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Lippke, S., Renneberg, B. (2006). Theorien und Modelle des Gesundheitsverhaltens. In: Renneberg, B., Hammelstein, P. (eds) Gesundheitspsychologie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47632-0_5
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