Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pharyngoesophageal Interrelationships and Reflexes Involved in Airway Protection

  • Chapter
Normal and Abnormal Swallowing

Abstract

Do the mouth, pharynx, and larynx operate independently, or are there feedback mechanisms between the pharynx and esophagus?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Edwards DAW. History and symptoms of esophageal disease. In: Vantrappen G, Hellemans J, eds. Diseases of the Esophagus. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jones B, Ravich WJ, Donner MW, Kramer SS, Hendrix TR. Pharyngoesophageal interrelationships: observations and working concepts. Gastrointest Radiol 1985; 10: 225–233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Murakami Y, Fukuda H, Kirchner JA. The cricopharyngeus muscle. Acta Otolaryngol (suppl) (Stockh) 1972; 311: 1–19. 17.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Creamer B, Schlegel J. Motor responses of the esophagus to distension. JAppl Physiol 1957; 10: 498–504.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Enzmann DR, Harell GS, Zboralske FE Upper esophageal responses to intraluminal distention in man. Gastroenterology 1977; 72: 1292–1298.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gerhardt DC, Shuck BS, Bordeaux RA, Winship DH. Human upper esophageal sphincter: response to volume, osmotic and acid stimuli. Gastroenterology 1978; 75: 268–274.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Rosenberg SJ, Harris LD. A single physiologic mechanism for changing strength of both esophageal sphincters (abstract). Gastroenterology 1971; 60: 798.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hunt PS, Connell AM, Smiley TBN. The cricopharyngeal sphincter in gastric reflux. Gut 1970; 11: 303–306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Stanciu C, Bennett JR. Upper oesophageal sphincter yields pressure in normal subjects and in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Thorax 1974; 29: 459–462.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Vakil NB, Kahrilas PJ, Dodds WJ, Vanagunas A. Absence of an upper esophageal sphincter response to acid reflux. Gastroenterology 1989; 84: 606–610.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Torrico S, Ren J, Sui Z, Hofmann C, Shaker R. Upper esophageal sphincter function during gastroesophageal reflux events. Gastroenterol ogy 1998; 114 (4): G3481.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Medda BK, Lang IM, Layman R, Hogan WJ, Dodds WJ, Shaker R. Characterization and quantification of a pharyngo-UES contractile reflex in cats. Am J Physiol 1994;167(Gastrointest Liver Physiol 30):G972–G983.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Shaker R, Ren J, Xie P, Lang IM, Bardan E, Sui Z. Characterization of the pharyngo-UES contractile reflex in humans. Am J Physiol 1997; 273 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 36): 854–858

    Google Scholar 

  14. Shaker R, Ren J, Zamir Z, Sarna A, Liu J, Sui Z. Effect of aging, position, and temperature on the threshold volume triggering pharyngeal swallows. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 396–402.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ulualp SO, Toohill RJ, Kern M, Shaker R. Pharyngo-UES contractile reflex in patients with posterior laryngitis. Laryngoscope 1998; 108 (9): 1354–1357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Shaker R, Dodds WJ, Ren J, Hogan WJ, Arndorfer RC. Esophagoglottal closure reflex: a mechanism of airway protection. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 857–861.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Shaker R, Ren J, Medda B, Lang I, Cowles V, Jaradeh S. Identification and characterization of the esophagoglottal closure reflex in a feline model. Am J Physiol 1994;266(Gastrointeet Liver Physiol 29):G147–G153.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Shaker R, Ren J, Kern M, Dodds WJ, Hogan WJ, Li Q. Mechanisms of airway protection and UES opening during belching. Am J Physiol 1992;262(Gastrointest Liver Physiol 25): G621–G628.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Shaker R, Ren J, Hogan WJ, Liu J, Podvrsan B, Sui Z. Glottal function during postprandial gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroenterology 1993; 104 (4): A581.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ren J, Shaker R, Dua K, Trifan A, Podvrsan B, Sui Z. Glottal adduction response to pharyngeal water stimulation: evidence for a pharyngoglottal closure reflex. Gastroenterology 1994; 106 (4–2): A558.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Henderson RD. Reflux induced cricopharyngeal dysphagia-pathologic change in muscle biopsies (abstract). Paper presented at: Second International Conference on Diseases of the Esophagus; May 19–21,1983; Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cook T, Blumbergs P, Cash K, Jamieson G, Shearman D. Structural abnormalities of the cricopharyngeus muscle in patients with pharyngeal (Zenker’s) diverticulum. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1992; 7: 556–562.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lerut T, van Racmdonck D, Guelinckx P, Dom R, Geboes K. Zenker’s diverticulum: Is a myotomy of the cricopharyngeus useful? How long should it be ? Hepatogastroenterology 1992; 39: 127–131.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Chernow B, Johnson LF, Janowitz WR, Castell DO. Pulmonary aspiration as a consequence of gastro-esophageal reflux: a diagnostic approach. Dig Dis Sci 1979; 24: 839–844.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kennedy JH. Silent gastro-esophageal reflux: an important but little known cause of pulmonary complications. Dis Chest 1962; 42: 42–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Overholt RH, Ashraf MM. Esophageal reflux as trigger in asthma. N Y State J Med 1966; 66: 3030–3032.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Mays EE. Intrinsic asthma in adults: association with gastro-esophageal reflux. JAMA 1976; 236: 2626–2628.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Danus O, Casar C, Larrain A, Pope CE. Esophageal reflux-an unrecognized cause of recurrent obstructive bronchitis in children. J Pediatr 1976; 89: 220–224.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Christie DL, O’Grady LR, Mack DV. Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter and gastroesophageal reflux in recurrent acute pulmonary disease of infancy and childhood. J Pediatr 1978; 93: 23–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Berquist WE, Rachelefsky GS, Kadden M, Siegel SC, Katz RM, Fonkalsrud EW, Ament ME. Gastro-esophageal reflux-associated recurrent pneumonia and chronic asthma in children. Pediatrics 1981; 68: 29–35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Goldberg M, Noyek AM, Pritzker KP II. Laryngeal granuloma secondary to gastro-esophageal reflux. J Otolaryngol 1978; 7: 196–202.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Larrain A, Lira E, Otero M, Pope CE II. Posterior laryngitis: a useful marker of esophageal reflux (abstract). Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 1204.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Cherry J, Margulies SI. Contact ulcers of the larynx. Laryngoscope 1968; 78: 1937–1940.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Olson N. The problem of gastroesophageal re-flux. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1986; 19: 119133.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ward PH, Harrison DG. Reflux as an etiological factor of carcinoma of the laryngopharynx. Laryngoscope 1988; 98: 1195–1199.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Price JC, Jansen CJ, Johns ME. Esophageal reflux and secondary malignant neoplasia at laryngoesophagectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990; 116: 163–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Cunningham Jr ET, Ravich WJ, Jones B, Donner MW. Vagal reflexes referred from the upper aerodigestive tract: an infrequently recognized cause of common cardiorespiratory responses. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 575582.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Cherry J, Siegel CI, Margulies SI, Donner MW. Pharyngeal localization of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Ann Otolaryngol 1970; 79: 912–915.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Brady AP, Stevenson GW, Somers S, Hough DM, Di Giandomenico E. Premature contraction of the cricopharyngeus: a new sign of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Abdom Imaging 1995; 20: 225–229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ravich WJ, Jones B, Kramer SS, Donner MW. Unexplained pharyngeal dysphagia-the role of esophageal disease (abstract). Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 1282.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Cook IJ, Gabb M, Panagopoulos V, Jamieson GG, Hains JD, Dodds WJ, Dent J, Shearman DJ. Zenker’s diverticulum: a defect in upper esophageal sphincter compliance. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: A98.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Cook IJ, Blumbergs P, Cash K, Graham S, Jamieson GG, Hains JD, Shearman DJ. Zenker’s diverticulum: evidence for a restrictive cricopharyngeal myopathy. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: A98.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Shaw DW, Cook IJ, Simula ME, Jamieson GG, Holloway RH, Gabb M, Dent J. Restoration of normal upper esophageal sphincter compliance following cricopharyngeal myotomy in patients with Zenker’s diverticulum. Gastroenterology 1990;95:Al22.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Dohlman G, Mattsson O. The role of the cricopharyngeal muscle in cases of hypopharyngeal diverticula. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1959; 81: 561–569.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Knuff TE, Benjamin SB, Castell DO. Pharyngoesophageal (Zenker’s) diverticulum: a reappraisal. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 734736.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Jones B, Donner MW, Rubesin SE, Ravich WJ, Hendrix TR. Pharyngeal findings in 21 patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Dysphagia 1988; 2: 87–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Dudnick RS, Castell JA, Castell DO. Abnormal upper esophageal sphincter function in achalasia. Am J Gastroenterol 1991;87(12):17121715.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Zhang ZG, Diamant NE. Repetitive contractions of the upper esophageal body and sphincter in achalasia. Dysphagia 1994; 9 (1): 1219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Ravich WJ, Wison RS, Jones B, Donner MW. Psychogenic dysphagia and globus: reevaluation of 23 patients. Dysphagia 1989; 4: 3538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Ott DJ, Ledbetter MS, Koufman JA, Chen MY. Globus pharyngeus: radiographic evaluation and 24-hour pH monitoring of the pharynx and esophagus in 22 patients. Radiology 1994; 191 (1): 95–97.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Barofsky I, Ravich W, Buchholz D, Jones B. Oral findings on video swallowing study in neurogenic and psychogenic dysphagia (abstract). Paper presented at: 25th Annual Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the Society of Gastrointestinal Radiologists; Bermuda; March 24–29, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Olsson R, Castell JA, Castell DO, Ekberg O. Solid-state computerized manometry improves diagnostic yield in pharyngeal dysphagia: simul taneous videoradiography and manometry in dysphagia patients with normal barium swallows. Abdom Imaging 1995; 20 (3): 230–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Bronwyn Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 21287, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Bronwyn Jones MD, FRACP, FRCR (Professor of Radiology, Director) (Professor of Radiology, Director)

  2. The Johns Hopkins Swallowing Center, 21287, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Bronwyn Jones MD, FRACP, FRCR (Professor of Radiology, Director) (Professor of Radiology, Director)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jones, B. (2003). Pharyngoesophageal Interrelationships and Reflexes Involved in Airway Protection. In: Jones, B. (eds) Normal and Abnormal Swallowing. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22434-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22434-3_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-2904-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-22434-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation