Skip to main content
Log in

Therapiekonzepte der diffusen Peritonitis

Wann laparoskopische Lavage, wann offenes Abdomen?

Therapy concepts for diffuse peritonitis

When laparoscopic lavage and when open abdomen?

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Chirurg Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die sekundäre diffuse Peritonitis weist bis heute eine hohe Morbidität und Mortalität auf. Umso mehr sind die verschiedenen operativen Therapiemöglichkeiten in der evidenzbasierten Überprüfung. So stehen sich mit der laparoskopischen Lavage ohne Resektion des Sepsisfokus bis zur Damage-control-basierten Strategie des initialen Laparostomas mit verzögert durchgeführter Anastomosierung extreme Unterschiede im Behandlungskonzept der diffusen Peritonitis gegenüber. Gelten die Daten für die Peritonitis bei Appendizitis, Cholezystitis und ulzerierten Perforationen des Magens und Duodenums im minimal-invasiven Zugangsweg als vergleichsweise gut evidenzbasiert, so lassen sich für die beiden genannten Verfahren nach wie vor bei derzeit noch schwacher Evidenzstärke keine eindeutigen Empfehlungen ableiten. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll eine Übersicht über die aktuellen Therapieverfahren der diffusen Peritonitis in kritischer Betrachtung ihrer jeweiligen Evidenzlage ermöglichen. Als Schlüsselempfehlung wird dargestellt, dass die Entscheidung für ein Operationsverfahren im Spiegel der aktuellen Datenlage letztlich in Abhängigkeit von der Schwere der abdominellen Sepsis, ihrer Dauer, dem Alter des Patienten und seiner Komorbidität getroffen werden sollte.

Abstract

Secondary diffuse peritonitis still has a high morbidity and mortality even now; therefore, the various strategies and options for the different surgical therapies are undergoing an evidence-based review. Laparoscopic lavage without resection of the focus of sepsis for example is a profoundly different approach in the treatment of diffuse peritonitis from the damage control-based strategy of surgery with initial laparostomy and deferred anastomosis. The evidential data for minimally invasive therapy are comparatively well-reviewed for appendicitis, cholecystitis and ulcerated perforation of the stomach and duodenum. In contrast, the evidence for laparoscopy and minimally invasive surgery with lavage and deferred anastomosis or damage control in secondary peritonitis has improved but is still low and cannot yet be clearly recommended. This article presents an overview of the currently available therapeutic methods for diffuse peritonitis and a critical consideration of the evidence-based data. The key recommendation is that the decision to use a surgical procedure based on the currently available data depends more on the severity of the abdominal sepsis, the duration, the age of the patient and comorbidities than on the individual technique.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2

Literatur

  1. Agresta F et al (2012) Laparoscopic approach to acute abdomen from the Consensus Development Conference of the Societa’ Italiana di Chirurgia Endoscopica e nuove tecnologie (SICE) and the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES). Surg Endosc 26:2134–2164

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Angenete E et al (2014) Laparoscopic lavage is feasible and safe for the treatment of perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis: the first results from the Randomized Controlled Trial DILALA. Ann Surg. ISSN:1528–1140

  3. Atema JJ, Gans SL, Boermeester MA (2015) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the open abdomen and temporary abdominal closure techniques in non-trauma patients. World J Surg 39:912–925

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bertleff MJ, Lange JF (2010) Laparoscopic correction of perforated peptic ulcer: first choice? A review of literature. Surg Endosc 24:1341–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Csikesz N, Ricciardi R, Tseng JF, Shah SA (2008) Current status of surgical management of acute cholecystitis in the United States. World J Surg 32(10):2230–2236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. De Simone B et al (2015) Benefits of WSES guidelines application for the management of intra-abdominal infections. World J Emerg Surg 10:18

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Hansen O, Stock W (1999) Prophylaktische Operation bei der Divertikelkrankheit des Colons – Stufenkonzept durch exakte Stadieneinteilung. Langenbecks Arch Chir 112(Suppl II):1257–1260

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hinchey EJ, Schaal PG, Richards GK (1978) Treatment of perforated diverticular disease of the colon. Adv Surg 12:85–109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Holmer C, Kreis ME (2014) Divertikelkrankheit – operative Verfahrenswahl. Chirurg 85:308–313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hubert C, Annet L, van Beers BE, Gigot JF (2010) The „inside approach of the gallbladder“ is an alternative to the classic Calot’s triangle dissection for a safe operation in severe cholecystitis. Surg Endosc 24(10):2626–2632

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kamine TH, Papavassiliou E, Schneider BE (2014) Effect of abdominal insufflation for laparoscopy on intracranial pressure. JAMA Surgery 149(4):380–382

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Karlsson S, Varpula M, Ruokonen E et al (2007) Incidence, treatment and outcome of severe sepsis in ICU Treated adults in Finland: the Finsepsis study. Intensiv Care Med 33:435–443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kiewiet JS, van Ruler O, Boermeester MA, Reitsma JB (2013) A decision rule to aid selection of patients with abdominal sepsis requiring a relaparotomy. BMC Surgery 13:28

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Leifeld L, Germer CT, Böhm S et al (2014) S2k-Leitlinie Divertikelkrankheit/Divertikulitis. Z Gastroenterol 52(7):663–710

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Leppäniemi A et al (2015) Management of abdominal sepsis – a paradigm shift? Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther 47(4):400–408

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lohsiriwat V, Prapasrivorakul S, Lohsiriwat D (2009) Perforated peptic ulcer: clinical presentation, surgical outcomes, and the accuracy of the Boey scoring system in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality. World J Surg 33(1):80–85

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Markides G, Subar D, Riyad K (2010) Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in adults with complicated appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg 34:2026–2040

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Menekse E et al (2015) A practical scoring system to predict mortality in patients with perforated peptic ulcer. World J Emerg Surg 10:7

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. O’Sullivan GC, Murphy D, O’Brien MG, Ireland A (1996) Laparoscopic management of generalized peritonitis due to perforated colonic diverticula. Am J Surg 171:432–434

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Oberkofler CE, Rickenbacher A, Raptis DA et al (2012) A multicenter randomized clinical trial of primary anastomosis or Hartmann’s procedure for perforated left colonic diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis. Ann Surg 256(5):819–826

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Salem M, Flum DR (2007) Primary anastomosis or Hartmann’s procedure for patients with diverticular peritonitis? A systematic review. Dis Colon Rectum 47:1953–1964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Sanabria A, Villegas MI, Morales Uribe CH (2015) Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD004778

    Google Scholar 

  23. Sartelli M et al (2014) Complicated intraabdominal infections worldwide: the definitive data of the CIAOW Study. World J Emerg Surg 9:37

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Schietroma M, Piccione F, Carlei F, Sista F, Cecilia EM, Amicucci G (2013) Peritonitis from perforated peptic ulcer and immune response. J Invest Surg 26(5):294–304

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Swank HA, Mulder IM, Hoofwijk AG, Nienhuijs SW, Lange JF, Bemelman WA, Dutch Diverticular Disease Collaborative Study Group (2013) Early experience with laparoscopic lavage for perforated diverticulitis. Br J Surg 100:704–710

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Turrentine FE et al (2015) Original scientific article: morbidity, mortality, cost, and survival estimates of gastrointestinal anastomotic leaks. J Am Coll Surg 220(2):195–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Van Ruler O, Dutch Peritonitis Study Group et al (2007) Comparison of on-demand vs planned relaparotomy strategy in patients with severe peritonitis. JAMA 298(8):865–873

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Vermeulen J, Lange JF (2010) Treatment of perforated diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis: past, present, and future. World J Surg 34:587–593

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Wacha H, Hau T, Dittmer R, Ohmann C (1999) Risk factors associated with intraabdominal infections: a prospective multicenter study. Langenbecks Arch Surg 384:24–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Weber DG, Bendinelli C, Balogh ZJ (2013) Damage control surgery for abdominal emergencies. BJS 101:109–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Willms A, Guesgen C, Schaaf S, Bieler D, Websky M, Schwab R (2015) Management of the open abdomen using vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction. Langenbecks Arch Surg 400(1):91–99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Güsgen.

Ethics declarations

Interessenkonflikt

C. Güsgen, R. Schwab und A. Willms geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Güsgen, C., Schwab, R. & Willms, A. Therapiekonzepte der diffusen Peritonitis. Chirurg 87, 34–39 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-015-0104-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-015-0104-y

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation