Emotionale Dysregulation bei affektiven Störungen
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Hauptsymptom der affektiven Erkrankungen ist eine Veränderung der Stimmung. Inwieweit die Stimmungsstörung mit einer emotionalen Dysregulation einhergeht, wird aber erst in den letzten Jahren vermehrt untersucht. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der aktuellen Forschung in Bezug auf die Frage, inwieweit und welche Emotionsregulationsstrategien bei Patienten mit einer unipolaren Depression oder einer bipolaren affektiven Störung in der akuten Episode verändert sind, also als zustandsabhängige Veränderungen anzusehen sind. Desweiteren wird erörtert, inwieweit es sich bei den Veränderungen der Regulationsstrategien, wie z. B. Unterdrückung oder Neubewertung, um Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren für depressive Störungen handelt. Kognitive Reaktivität wird ebenfalls als Vulnerabilitätsfaktor beschrieben. Der Beitrag führt in das Konzept ein und arbeitet die Verbindung zur psychologischen Forschung der Affektivregulation als Vulnerabilitätsfaktor depressiver Störungen heraus. Neuere psychotherapeutische Ansätze, die sich auf Emotionsregulationsstrategien beziehen, werden kurz dargestellt. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick.
Abstract. The core symptom of affective disorders is a disturbance in mood. However, only within the last several years has increased attention been paid to the extent to which this mood disturbance is accompanied by emotional dysregulation. This paper gives an overview of the current state of research regarding which and to what extent emotional regulation strategies are altered in patients during an acute episode of unipolar depression or a bipolar affective disorder – in other words, to what degree these changes can be seen as state-dependent. Furthermore, we discuss the hypothesis that changes in regulation strategies (e. g. reappraisal or suppression) can be seen as a vulnerability factor for depressive disorders. This paper also explores the concept of cognitive reactivity, which is described as a vulnerability factor, and examines the connection to psychological research on affective regulation. Finally, we outline new psychotherapeutic approaches with regard to emotional regulation strategies and conclude with a look to the future.
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