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Originalarbeit

Unmittelbare Reaktionen von Menschen mit Demenz auf individualisierte Musik

Analyse von Verhaltensbeobachtungen im Pflegeheim

Published Online:September 30, 2020https://doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302/a000757

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Aufgrund steigender Prävalenzraten von Demenzerkrankungen besteht ein dringender Bedarf an effektiven, nicht-pharmakologischen Interventionen zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität Betroffener und Entlastung ihrer Pflegepersonen. Erste Studien weisen auf die Wirksamkeit individualisierter Musik hin. Bisher sind jedoch die unmittelbar beobachtbaren Reaktionen der Menschen mit Demenz (MmD) auf individualisierte Musik unzureichend untersucht. Ziel: Ziel der Studie war die Erfassung und Auswertung unmittelbarer Auswirkungen einer individualisierten Musikintervention im Pflegeheim mit einem neu entwickelten Beobachtungsbogen zur systematischen Verhaltensbeobachtung. Methode: Bei 20 MmD wurden in 153 Verhaltensbeobachtungen jeweils 32 verschiedene Erlebens- und Verhaltensweisen in 11 Kategorien betrachtet, wie emotionale und motorische Veränderungen als direkte Reaktionen auf das Musikhören. Ergebnisse: Die Teilnehmenden zeigten direkt nach dem Musikhören im Vergleich zu vorher signifikant mehr positive Reaktionen (z. B. Freude, Entspannung) und weniger negative Reaktionen. Auch während des Musikhörens wurden signifikant mehr positive Reaktionen gezeigt, am häufigsten Lächeln, Bewegungen zur Musik, aufmerksames Zuhören, Entspannung und Allgemeine Wachheit / Interesse / Sozialer Kontakt. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Bogen zur systematischen Verhaltensbeobachtung erwies sich als geeignete Methode zur Erfassung der Erlebens- und Verhaltensweisen von MmD. Das Hören individualisierter Musik scheint eine hilfreiche Intervention für MmD im Pflegeheim zu sein.


Immediate reactions of people with dementia to individualized music – Analysis of behavioral observations in a nursing home

Abstract. Background: Due to the increasing prevalence of dementia, there is an urgent need for effective non-pharmacological interventions to improve the quality of life of people with dementia (PwD) and to relieve their carers. Studies show evidence for the benefits of individualized music. However, the immediate reactions to individualized music have not yet been adequately investigated. Aim: The research objective of the study was the investigation of the immediate effects of an individualized music intervention in a nursing home using a newly developed systematic behavioral observation rating scale. Methods: In 153 behavioral observations of 20 PwD, 32 different experiences and behaviors pertaining to 11 categories such as emotional and motor changes which indicate immediate reactions to listening to music were rated. Results: Participants showed significantly more positive reactions (e. g. joy or relaxation) and less negative reactions immediately after listening to the music compared to before. Moreover, in the course of listening to music, participants showed significantly more positive reactions, most often smiles, movements to music, attentive listening, relaxation and general vigilance / interest / social contact. Conclusions: The systematic behavioral observation rating scale proved to be a suitable method for rating the experiences and behaviors of people with dementia. Listening to individualized music seems to be a helpful intervention for PwD in institutional care settings.

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