Zusammenfassung
Aussagen über Alters- oder Generationsunterschiede in Verhalten, Einstellungen und Meinungen basieren in erster Linie auf Selbstberichten aus sozialwissenschaftlichen Umfragen. Mit „Selbstberichten“ sind dabei die Antworten auf eine Serie von Fragen (Fragebogen) oder eine Liste von Items (Skalen) gemeint. In standardisierten Umfragen werden solche Selbstberichte zumeist in geschlossenem Antwortformat erhoben, d.h. die befragte Person kann beispielsweise mit „ja“ oder „nein“ antworten oder einen Skalenpunkt auf einer dargebotenen Ratingskala auswählen. Eine große Anzahl an Forschungsergebnissen zeigt, dass Selbstberichte durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst sein können. Schon kleine Veränderungen in der Frageformulierung, im Frage-oder Antwortformat oder der Fragereihenfolge können die Antworten substanziell beeinflussen (für einen Überblick vgl. Schuman, Presser 1981; Schwarz 1999a; Sudman et al. 1996; Tourangeau, Rasinski 1988).
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Knäuper, B., Schwarz, N., Park, D. (2002). Selbstberichte im Alter. In: Motel-Klingebiel, A., Kelle, U. (eds) Perspektiven der empirischen Alter(n)ssoziologie. Reihe Alter(n) und Gesellschaft, vol 7. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11027-9_4
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