Zusammenfassung
Kognitive Dissonanz beschreibt in der ursprünglichen Form einen unangenehmen motivationalen Zustand, der durch die Inkongruenz zweier Kognitionen (Gedanken, Einstellungen, etc.) entsteht und bei einer Person dazu führt, dass sie diesen aversiven Zustand beseitigen möchte. Dies ist auf verschiedene Arten möglich, etwa durch die Reduktion dissonanter Informationen durch Einstellungsänderung (Forced-Compliance-Paradigma), die Aufwertung konsonanter Informationen (Free-Choice-Paradigma) oder die systematische Bevorzugung konsonanter vor dissonanter Informationen (Selective-Exposure-Paradigma). Die einflussreiche „Theorie der kognitiven Dissonanz“ von Festinger wurde jedoch revidiert bzw. weiterentwickelt und um die Faktoren der Relevanz selbstbezogener Werte sowie das Streben nach Selbstbestätigung ergänzt.
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Fischer, P., Jander, K., Krueger, J. (2018). Der Mensch als rationalisierendes Wesen: Kognitive Dissonanz und Selbstrechtfertigung. In: Sozialpsychologie für Bachelor. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56739-5_2
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