Wie Antigene den T-Lymphocyten präsentiert werden

Appendices

Aufgaben

1 6.1 Kurze Antwort

Dendritische Zellen können exogene Antigene effizient aufnehmen und den T-Zellen auf MHC-Klasse-I-Molekülen präsentieren. Wie unterscheiden sie sich dadurch von allen anderen Körperzellen und warum ist das von Bedeutung?

1 6.2 Bitte zuordnen

Welcher Begriff gehört zu welcher Beschreibung?

A.	Proteasom	i.	verdrängt die konstitutiven β-Untereinheiten der katalytischen Kammer als Reaktion auf Interferone
B.	20S-Core-Komplex	ii.	besteht aus einem katalytischen Core-Komplex und zwei regulatorischen 19S-Cap-Komplexen
C.	LMP2, LMP7, MECL-1	iii.	großer zylindrischer Komplex aus 28 Untereinheiten, die in vier gestapelten Ringen angeordnet sind
D.	PA28	iv.	markiert Proteine für den Abbau
E.	Lysin-48-Ubiquitin	v.	bindet an das Proteasom und erhöht die Freisetzungsrate der Peptide aus dem Proteasom

1 6.3 Richtig oder falsch

Die Oberflächenexpression von MHC-Klasse-I-Molekülen wird von der Transportkapazität der Zelle für Peptide in das endoplasmatische Reticulum nicht beeinflusst.

1 6.4 Bitte ergänzen

Polypeptide, die für die Zellmembran bestimmt sind, werden in das Lumen des endoplasmatischen Reticulums transloziert, was jedoch verwirrend ist, da die von MHC-Klasse-Molekülen-I präsentierten Peptide im ________ vorkommen. Weitere Untersuchungen zeigten, dass die Präsentation der cytosolischen Peptide von einer Familie von ABC-Transportproteinen (________) ermöglicht wird, die den ATP-abhängigen Transport von Peptiden in das Lumen des ________ bewerkstelligen. Dieser Transporterkomplex besitzt nur eine begrenzte Spezifität für die transportierten Peptide; so sind beispielsweise die Peptide im Allgemeinen ________ Aminosäuren lang und der Transport wird bei ________ Resten im Carboxyterminus begünstigt und bei ________ Resten in den ersten ________ aminoterminalen Aminosäuren gehemmt.

1 6.5 Multiple Choice

Dendritische CD8-Zellen besitzen die besondere Eigenschaft, Antigene sehr effektiv in Form einer Kreuzpräsentation darzubieten. Welche der folgenden Kombinationen beinhaltet einen Transkriptionsfaktor, der für die Entwicklung der dendritischen CD8-Zellen essenziell ist, und einen nur von diesen Zellen exprimierten Oberflächenmarker?

• A. CIITA, CD74

• B. BATF3, CD4

• C. CIITA, CD94

• D. BATF3, XCR1

1 6.6 Bitte zuordnen

Welcher Begriff gehört zu welcher Beschreibung?

A.	TRIC	i.	hält die α-Kette der MHC-Klasse-I-Moleküle in einem teilweise gefalteten Zustand
B.	ERAAP	ii.	schützt Peptide, die im Cytosol erzeugt werden, vor einem vollständigen Abbau
C.	Calnexin	iii.	bildet eine Brücke zwischen dem MHC-Klasse-I-Molekül und dem TAP-Komplex
D.	ERp57	iv.	verkürzt den Aminoterminus von Peptiden, die für eine Bindung durch MHC zu lang sind
E.	Tapasin	v.	öffnet und schließt während der Peptidbeladung Disulfidbrücken in der MHC-Klasse-I-α-Domäne

1 6.7 Richtig oder falsch

MHC-Klasse-II-Moleküle präsentieren keine cytosolischen Antigene.

1 6.8 Bitte zuordnen

In welcher Reihenfolge geht die MHC-Klasse-II-Prozessierung in einer antigenpräsentierenden Zelle vor sich?

_____ Abspaltung der Trimerisierungsdomäne CD74

_____ Translokation des MHC-Klasse-II-Moleküls in das endoplasmatische Reticulum

_____ Cathepsin S spaltet LIP22 und das CLIP-Fragment verbleibt auf dem MHC-Molekül

_____ CD74-Trimere binden nichtkovalent an MHC-Klasse-II-α:β-Heterodimere

_____ HLA-DM katalysiert die Freisetzung von CLIP und stimuliert das Peptid-Editing

_____ Calnexin setzt MHC-Klasse-II-Heterodimere für den Transport zu einem endosomalen Kompartiment mit niedrigem pH-Wert frei

1 6.9 Multiple Choice

Bei welchem der folgenden Proteine führt eine Funktionsstörung dazu, dass kein Priming von CD8-T-Zellen mehr möglich ist?

• A. HLA-DM

• B. Cathepsin S

• C. TAP1/2

• D. CD74

1 6.10 Multiple Choice

Eine Funktionsstörung in welchem der folgenden Proteine führt dazu, dass die Präsentation cytosolischer Peptide durch MHC-Klasse-II-Moleküle reduziert ist?

• A. IRGM3

• B. BATF3

• C. MARCH-1

• D. TAP1/2

1 6.11 Richtig oder falsch

Superantigene induzieren keine adaptive Immunantwort und wirken unabhängig von peptidspezifischen MHC-TCR-Wechselwirkungen?

1 6.12 Multiple Choice

Welche der folgenden Aussagen ist falsch?

• A. Polymorphismen an jedem Locus können potenziell die Anzahl der verschiedenen MHC-Moleküle verdoppeln, die ein Individuum exprimieren kann.

• B. Pathogene können dem Immunsystem entkommen, indem das immundominante Epitop mutiert, wodurch die Affinität des zugehörigen MHC-Allel-Produkts verlorengeht.

• C. Pathogene verursachen keinen Evolutionsdruck zur Selektion von MHC-Allelen, die einen Schutz gegenüber diesen Pathogenen bewirken.

• D. Die DRα-Kette und das homologe Protein der Maus Eα sind monomorph.

1 6.13 Richtig oder falsch

Klassische MHC-Klasse-I-Moleküle sind hochgradig polymorph, während MHC-Klasse-Ib-Moleküle oligomorph sind.

1 6.14 Bitte zuordnen

Welche Beschreibung gehört zu welchem MHC-Klasse-Ib-Molekül?

A.	H2-M3	i.	präsentiert mikrobielle Folsäuremetaboliten
B.	MIC-A	ii.	bindet α-GalCer
C.	CD1d	iii.	präsentiert N-formylierte Peptide
D.	MR1	iv.	bindet NKG2D

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1.2.5 Abschnitt 6.1.5

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1.2.6 Abschnitt 6.1.6

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1.2.7 Abschnitt 6.1.7

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1.2.8 Abschnitt 6.1.8

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1.2.9 Abschnitt 6.1.9

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1.2.10 Abschnitt 6.2.1

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1.2.13 Abschnitt 6.2.4

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1.2.19 Abschnitt 6.3.4

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1.2.20 Abschnitt 6.3.5

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