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Appendices
Aufgaben
1 14.1Â Richtig oder falsch
Nur TH2-Zellen können eine Signalkette auslösen, um bei B-Zellen einen Isotypwechsel zu IgE hervorzurufen.
1 14.2Â Multiple Choice
Welcher der folgenden Faktoren hängt nicht mit einer genetisch bedingten Anfälligkeit für allergisches Asthma und atopische Ekzeme zusammen?
-
A.
β-Untereinheit von FcεRI
-
B.
GM-CSF
-
C.
IL-3
-
D.
IL-4
-
E.
IFN-γ
1 14.3Â Multiple Choice
Verschiedene Faktoren beeinflussen die Anfälligkeit für allergische Erkrankungen. Welche der folgenden Aussagen ist falsch?
-
A.
Umweltfaktoren tragen selten zur Entwicklung einer allergischen Krankheit bei.
-
B.
Die Häufigkeit von Atopien nimmt in den Industrieländern stetig zu.
-
C.
Personen mit den Allelvarianten GSTP1 und GSTM1 zeigen eine größere Anfälligkeit für eine erhöhte Überaktivität der Atemwege.
-
D.
Kinder im Alter von unter sechs Monaten, die in Kinderkrippen mit anderen Kindern in Kontakt kommen, sind anscheinend teilweise vor Asthma geschützt.
1 14.4Â Richtig oder falsch
IgE kommt wie andere Antikörper vor allem in den Körperflüssigkeiten vor.
1 14.5Â Bitte zuordnen
Welcher der folgenden Faktoren wird von welcher Aussage am besten beschrieben?
A. | Prostaglandin und Thromboxan _____ | i. | Erzeugung durch den Lipoxygenaseweg |
B. | Leukotriene _____ | ii. | Hemmung der Cyclooxygenaseaktivität für die Umsetzung der Arachidonsäure |
C. | TNF-α _____ | iii. | Erzeugung durch den Cyclooxygenaseweg |
D. | Histamin _____ | iv. | Erzeugung in großen Mengen durch Mastzellen nach ihrer Aktivierung |
E. | entzündungshemmende nichtsteroidale Wirkstoffe _____ | v. | Verstärkung der Antigenpräsentation bei dendritischen Zellen durch Bindung an den H1-Rezeptor |
1 14.6Â Multiple Choice
Welche der folgenden Aussagen trifft zu?
-
A.
Mastzellen der Bindegewebe sind nicht am Auslösen eines anaphylaktischen Schocks beteiligt.
-
B.
Patienten, die an einem anaphylaktischen Schock leiden, sollten kein Adrenalin erhalten, da sich deren Zustand dadurch noch verschlechtern könnte.
-
C.
Bei einem anaphylaktischen Schock geht die Durchlässigkeit von Blutgefäßen verloren und der hohe Blutdruck führt schließlich zum Tod.
-
D.
Penicillin kann körpereigene Proteine verändern, sodass es bei einigen Patienten zu einer Immunantwort mit IgE-Produktion kommt, die bei einem erneuten Kontakt mit dem Wirkstoff eine Anaphylaxie hervorrufen kann.
1 14.7Â Multiple Choice
Hypersensitivitätsreaktionen können durch die Ablagerung von Immunkomplexen pathologische Auswirkungen haben. Welcher der folgenden Mechanismen ist dafür verantwortlich, dass Immunkomplexe pathogen sein können? Mehr als eine Antwort ist möglich.
-
A.
Immunkomplexe lagern sich an den Wänden von Blutgefäßen ab.
-
B.
IgE an den Oberflächen von Mastzellen und Basophilen wird quervernetzt, was zur Aktivierung der Zellen führt.
-
C.
Die Vernetzung des Fc-Rezeptors führt zur Aktivierung von Leukocyten und zu einer Schädigung des Gewebes.
-
D.
Das Komplementsystem wird aktiviert, was zur Produktion des Anaphylatoxins C5a führt.
-
E.
CD8+-T-Zellen werden zur Freisetzung von IL-4 angeregt.
1 14.8 Bitte ergänzen: Bei einer allergischen Reaktion der Haut unterscheidet man zwei Phasen
_______ und _______. Die erste Phase ist gekennzeichnet durch die Aktivierung von T-Zellen durch antigenpräsentierende Zellen der Haut, die man mit _______ bezeichnet, während in der zweiten Phase nach einem erneutem Antigenkontakt Chemokine und Cytokine durch _______ freigesetzt werden.
1 14.9Â Bitte zuordnen
Welche der folgenden allergischen Reaktionen gehört zu welchem Immunprozess?
A. | Arthus-Reaktion _____ | i. | Bildung von lokalen Immunkomplexen durch IgG-Antikörper, die gegen ein Antigen gerichtet sind, für das eine Person vorher sensibilisiert wurde |
B. | Ausschlag durch den Giftsumach _____ | ii. | systemische Reaktion auf eine Infektion mit großen Mengen an fremdem Antigen, die vor allem von IgG abhängig ist |
C. | Serumkrankheit _____ | iii. | Form einer allergischen Kontaktdermatitis, die durch lipidlösliche Substanzen hervorgerufen wird, welche zelluläre Proteine verändern; vor allem durch CD8+-T-Zellen befördert |
D. | Nickelallergie _____ | iv. | vor allem durch T-Zellen beförderte zelluläre Hypersensitivität; kann auch bei Bindung von TLR-4 eine Entzündungsreaktion hervorrufen |
1 14.10Â Multiple Choice
Welche der folgenden Aussagen ist falsch?
-
A.
Am Tuberkulintest lässt sich eine Hypersensitivitätsreaktion vom verzögerten Typ besonders gut veranschaulichen.
-
B.
TH1-Zellen sind nicht direkt an Hypersensitivitätsreaktionen vom verzögerten Typ beteiligt.
-
C.
Eine allergische Kontaktdermatitis kann von CD4- oder CD8-T-Zellen vermittelt werden.
-
D.
Mäuse mit einem Defekt der B-Zellen oder des Komplementsystems zeigen schwächere Hypersensitivitätsreaktionen.
1 14.11Â Kurze Antwort
Warum führt man eine Endotypisierung von Asthma durch?
1 14.12Â Richtig oder falsch
Allergisches Asthma kann durch andere Faktoren als durch das ursprüngliche spezifische Antigen ausgelöst werden.
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Murphy, K., Weaver, C. (2018). Allergien und allergische Erkrankungen. In: Janeway Immunologie. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56004-4_14
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