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Sozialpsychologie – Das Individuum im sozialen Kontext

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Zusammenfassung

In diesem Kapitel wird dargelegt, wie Personen zu einem Eindruck und einer Beurteilung einer anderen Person kommen. Dabei wird auf die Rolle von äußerlich beobachtbaren Merkmalen des zu Beurteilenden und des Verhaltens einer Person eingegangen. Fehleinschätzungen resultieren häufig daraus, dass bei der Beurteilung von Verhalten situative Gegebenheiten zu wenig berücksichtigt und damit letztendlich dispositionale Faktoren überschätzt werden. Es wird zudem auf Merkmale der Situation bei der Eindrucksbildung eingegangen. Je nach Blickwinkel und Auffälligkeit können Beurteilungen ein und desselben Verhaltens sehr unterschiedlich ausfallen. Schließlich werden auch Merkmale des Beurteilers dargelegt, die einen Einfluss auf die Eindrucksbildung ausüben. Auch aufgrund dieser Merkmale ist die Beurteilung anderer Personen meist nicht das, was wir „objektiv“ nennen würden. Aus diesem Grund ist es sinnvoll, verzerrende Mechanismen zu kennen und sie bei weitreichenden Beurteilungen zu vermindern.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Der Begriff „Halo“ kommt aus dem Englischen und bedeutet „Heiligenschein“ bzw. „Hof“ (von Planeten). Der Halo-Effekt wird im Deutschen deshalb auch Hof-Effekt genannt.

  2. 2.

    In diesem Laborexperiment unterschied sich der Inhalt der beiden Bewerbungsinterviews (mit oder ohne hochwertiger Markenkleidung) nicht. Damit sind die beobachteten Unterschiede nicht auf den Inhalt des Gesprächs, sondern auf die unterschiedliche Kleidung zurückzuführen.

  3. 3.

    In der Literatur wird der Correspondence Bias oft mit dem fundamentalen Attributionsfehler gleichgesetzt. In Anlehnung an Gawronski (2004, 2007a, b) sehen wir den fundamentalen Attributionsfehler jedoch als Unterkategorie des Correspondence Bias an.

  4. 4.

    Dies gilt nur für Männer, die zu geschlechtsschematischer/stereotypkonformer Informationsverarbeitung neigen.

  5. 5.

    Dieser automatische Zusammenhang zwischen den Konzepten Macht und sexueller Attraktivität trat jedoch nur bei jenen Männern auf, die gemäß eines Fragebogenmaßes eine höhere sexuelle Aggression aufwiesen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachgebiet Wirtschafts- und Organisationspsychologie, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Deutschland

    Lioba Werth

  2. Fachbereich Nachrichtendienste, Hochschule des Bundes für öffentliche Verwaltung, Berlin, Deutschland

    Markus Denzler

  3. Zentrum für Soziales und Ökonomisches Verhalten (C-SEB), Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland

    Jennifer Mayer

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  1. Lioba Werth
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  2. Markus Denzler
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  3. Jennifer Mayer
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Correspondence to Lioba Werth .

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Werth, L., Denzler, M., Mayer, J. (2020). Soziale Wahrnehmung. In: Sozialpsychologie – Das Individuum im sozialen Kontext. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53897-5_5

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