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Exogen-allergische Alveolitis

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Seltene Lungenerkrankungen

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Zusammenfassung

Die exogen-allergische Alveolitis (EAA) ist eine seltene interstitielle Lungenerkrankung, die durch Inhalation von Antigenen in Stäuben, Gasen oder Aerosolen entsteht. Klinisch unterscheidet man einen akuten von einem chronischen Verlauf, der mit Ausbildung einer Lungenfibrose, aber auch eines Lungenemphysems einhergehen kann. Die Diagnose wird anhand einer Kombination von Diagnosekriterien gestellt, die neben einer möglichen Antigenexposition typische Symptome, spezifische IgG-Antikörper, funktionelle Einschränkungen, eine lymphozytäre Alveolitis, charakteristische radiologische und histopathologische Befunde und ggf. eine inhalative Provokationstestung oder einen Karenztest beinhalten können. Das klinische Bild einer chronischen EAA ist oftmals undifferenzierter und kann daher eine größere Herausforderung darstellen. Therapeutisch steht die frühe Diagnosestellung mit möglicher Antigenkarenz im Mittelpunkt, ggf. können vorübergehend Kortikosteroide eingesetzt werden. An präventive Maßnahmen im beruflichen oder häuslichen Umfeld muß gedacht werden.

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  1. Innere Medizin/Pneumologie, Fachkrankenhaus Coswig, Neucoswiger Str. 21, 01640, Coswig, Deutschland

    PD Dr. med. Dirk Koschel

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  1. PD Dr. med. Dirk Koschel
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  1. Pneumologie und Beatmungsmediz, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Michael Kreuter

  2. Ruhrlandklinik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Ulrich Costabel

  3. Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Felix Herth

  4. Zentrum für Pneumologie & Thoraxchir., LungenClinic Großhansdorf, Großhansdorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

    Detlef Kirsten

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Koschel, D. (2016). Exogen-allergische Alveolitis. In: Kreuter, M., Costabel, U., Herth, F., Kirsten, D. (eds) Seltene Lungenerkrankungen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48419-7_15

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