Zusammenfassung
Akute Erkrankungen bei Kindern sind zumeist von Schmerzen begleitet, ohne dass diese in der Praxis immer suffizient therapiert werden. Besonders relevant ist eine gute Schmerztherapie bei Verbrennungstraumen, der Otitis media sowie anderen Infektionskrankheiten. Auch im Rahmen seltener Erkrankungen wie der Epidermolysis bullosa ist eine gute Schmerztherapie entscheidend für die Lebensqualität des Kindes. Abdominelle Schmerzen sind immer eine therapeutische Herausforderung, die umso größer scheint, je jünger das Kind ist. Im direkten Patientenkontakt ist die verdeckte Placebogabe ein unethischer und unsinniger Versuch einer Schmerztherapie.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Agostoni C, Axelsson I, Goulet O, Koletzko B, Michaelsen KF, Puntis J, Rieu D, Rigo J, Shamir R, Szajewska H, Turck D (2006) Soy protein infant formulae and follow-on formulae: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 42: 352–361
Ahuja RB, Gupta R, Gupta G, Shrivastava P (2011) A comparative analysis of cetirizine, gabapentin and their combination in the relief of post-burn pruritus. Burns 37: 203–207
Akhtar N, Brooks P (2012) The use of botulinum toxin in the management of burns itching: Preliminary results. Burns 38: 1119–1123
Ali S, Klassen TP (2007) Ibuprofen was more effective than codeine or acetaminophen for musculoskeletal pain in children. Evidence Based Medicin 12: 144
Anderson M, Collins E (2008) Analgesia for children with acute abdominal pain and diagnostic accuracy. Arch Dis Child 93: 445–451
Anderson LJ, Wyatt KM, Henley W, Nikolaou V, Waldek S, Hughes DA, Pastores GM, Logan S (2014) Long-term effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease: results from the NCS-LSD cohort study. J Inherit Metab Dis: 1–10
Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists (APA) (2012) Good Practise in Postoperative and Procedural Pain, 2nd. Edition. Pediatric Anesthesia 22 (Suppl 1): 1–79
Barr RG (1998) Colic and Crying Syndromes in Infants. Pediatrics 102: e1282–e1286
Bertin L, Pons G, d’Athis P, Lasfargues G, Maudelonde C, Duhamel JF, Olive G (1991) Randomized, double-blind, multicenter, controlled trial of ibuprofen versus acetaminophen (paracetamol) and placebo for treatment of symptoms of tonsillitis and pharyngitis in children. J Pediatr 119: 811–814
Bertin L, Pons G, d‘Athis P, Duhamel JF, Maudelonde C, Lasfargues G, Guillot M, Marsac A, Debregeas B, Olive G (1996) A randomized, double-blind, multicentre controlled trial of ibuprofen versus acetaminophen and placebo for symptoms of acute otitis media in children. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 10: 387–392
Bharti B, Bharti S (2008) Is topical lignocaine for pain relief in acute otitis media really effective? Arch Dis Child 93: 714
Bolt P, Barnett P, Babl FE, Sharwood LN (2008) Topical lignocaine for pain relief in acute otitis media: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial. Arch Dis Child 93: 40–44
Borland ML, Bergesio R, Pascoe EM, Turner S, Woodger S (2005) Intranasal fentanyl is an equivalent analgesic to oral morphine in paediatric burns patients for dressing changes: a randomised double blind crossover study. Burns 31: 831–837
Bradley RL, Ellis PE, Thomas P, Bellis H, Ireland AJ, Sandy JR (2007) A randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of ibuprofen and paracetamol in the control of orthodontic pain. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 132: 511–517
Burke P, Bain J, Robinson D, Dunleavy J (1991) Acute red ear in children: controlled trial of non-antibiotic treatment in general practice. BMJ 303: 558–562
Cederholm I, Bengtsson M, Björkman R, Choonara I, Rane A (1990) Long term high dose morphine, ketamine and midazolam infusion in a child with burns. Br J Clin Pharmacol 30: 901–905
Dobe M, Damschen U, Reiffer-Wiesel B, Sauer C, Zernikow B (2006) Dreiwöchige stationäre multimodale Schmerztherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit chronischen Schmerzen. Schmerz 20: 51–60
Drossman DA (2006) Rome III: The functional gastrointestinal disorders, Degnon Associates, McLean, Virginia
Eady RAJ (2001) Epidermolysis Bullosa: Scientific Advances and Therapeutic Challenges. J Dermatol 28: 638–640
Eccleston C, Morley S, Williams AC, Yorke L, Mastroyannopoulou K (2002) Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of psychological therapy for chronic pain in children and adolescents, with a subset of meta-analysis of pain relief. Pain 99: 157–165
Eng CM, Guffon N, Wilcox WR, Germain DP, Lee P, Waldek S, Caplan L, Linthorst GE, Desnick RJ; International Collaborative Fabry Disease Study Group (2001) International Collaborative Fabry Disease Study Group. Safety and efficacy of recombinant human alpha-galactosidase A - replacement therapy in Fabry’s disease. N Engl J Med 345: 9–16
Evers S (2007) Controlled trials in pediatric migraine: Crossover versus parallel group. Current Pain and Headache Reports 11: 241–244
Flor H, Hermann C (1999) Schmerz. In: Flor H, Birbaumer N, Hahlweg K (Hrsg) Grundlagen der Verhaltensmedizin. Hogrefe, Göttingen, S 249–330
Gallagher EJ, Esses D, Lee C, Lahn M, Bijur PE (2006) Randomized clinical trial of morphine in acute abdominal pain. Ann Emerg Med 48: 150–160
Garrison MM, Christakis DA (2000) A systematic review of treatments for infant colic. Pediatrics 106: 184–190
Gaukroger PB, Chapman MJ, Davey RB (1991) Pain control in paediatric burns: The use of patient-controlled analgesia. Burns 17: 396–399
Goldman RD, Narula N, Klein-Kremer A, Finkelstein Y, Rogovik AL (2008) Predictors for Opioid Analgesia Administration in Children With Abdominal Pain Presenting to the Emergency Department. Clin J Pain 24: 11–15
Goodenough B, Kampel L, Champion GD, Laubreaux L, Nicholas MK, Ziegler JB, McInerney M (1997) An investigation of the placebo effect and age-related factors in the report of needle pain from venipuncture in children. Pain 72: 383–391
Gordon KE, Ludman MD, Finle GA (1995) Successful treatment of painful crises of Fabry disease with low dose morphine. Pediatr Neurol 12: 250–251
Green R, Bulloch B, Kabani A, Hancock BJ, Tenenbein M (2005) Early Analgesia for Children With Acute Abdominal Pain. Pediatrics 116: 978–983
Gupta SK (2007) Update on infantile colic and management options. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 8: 921–926
Halpern SM, Fitzpatrick R, Volans GN (1993) Ibuprofen toxicity. A review of adverse reactions and overdose. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 12: 107–128
Hämäläinen ML, Hoppu K, Valkeila E, Santavuori P (1997) Ibuprofen or acetaminophen for the acute treatment of migraine in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Neurology 48: 103–107
Hayden GF, Schwartz RH (1985) Characteristics of earache in children with acute otitis media. Am J Dis Child 1398: 721–723
Heger S, Maier C, Otter K, Helwig U, Suttorp M (1999) Lesson of the week: Morphine induced allodynia in a child with brain tumour. What is allodynia? BMJ 319: 627–629
Hoberman A, Paradise JL, Reynolds EA, Urkin J (1997) Efficacy of Auralgan for treating ear pain in children with acute otitis media. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 151: 675–678
Hoffman HG, Patterson DR, Carroughter GJ, Sharar SR (2001) Effectiveness of virtual reality-based pain control with multiple treatments. Clin J Pain 17: 229–235
Hoffman HG, Patterson DR, Seibel E, Soltani M, Jewett-Leahy L, Sharar SR (2008) Virtual reality pain control during burn wound debridement in the hydrotank. Clin J Pain 24: 299–304
Iafrati NS (1986) Pain on the burn unit: patient vs nurse perceptions. J Burn Care Rehabil 7: 413–416
Kavanagh C (1983) A new approach to dressing change in the severely burned child and its effect on burn-related psychopathology. Heart & lung: the journal of critical care 12: 612–619
Kim MK, Strait RT, Sato TT, Hennes HM (2002) A randomized clinical trial of analgesia in children with acute abdominal pain. Acad Emerg Med 9: 281–287
Klein-Kremer A, Goldman RD (2007) Opioid administration for acute abdominal pain in the pediatric emergency department. J Opioid Manage 3: 11–14
Klinger R (2007) Klassifikation chronischer Schmerzen: "Multiaxiale Schmerzklassifikation" (MASK). In: Kröner-Herwig B, Frettlöh J, Klinger R, Nilges P (Hrsg) Schmerzpsychotherapie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, S 311–326
Kokki H, Lintula H, Vanamo K, Heiskanen M, Eskelinen M (2005) Oxycodone vs placebo in children with undifferentiated abdominal pain: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of the effect of analgesia on diagnostic accuracy. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 159: 320–325
Kopecky EA, Jacobson S, Hubley P, Palozzi L, Clarke HM, Koren G (2001) Safety and pharmacokinetics of EMLA in the treatment of postburn pruritus in pediatric patients: a pilot study. J Burn Care Res 22: 235–242
Lesko SM, Mitchell AA (1995) An assessment of the safety of pediatric ibuprofen. JAMA 273: 929–933
Lesko SM, Louik C, Vezina RM, Mitchel AA (2002) Asthma morbidity after the short-term use of ibuprofen in children. Pediatrics 109: E20–E23
Lucassen P, Assendelft WJJ, Gubbels JW, Van Eijk JTM, Van Geldrop WJ, Neven AK (1998) Effectiveness of treatments for infantile colic: systematic review. BMJ 316: 1563–1569
Lucassen P, Assendelft WJJ, Van Eijk JTM, Gubbels JW, Douwes AC, Van Geldrop WJ (2001) Systematic review of the occurrence of infantile colic in the community. Arch Dis Child 84: 398–403
MacDermot J, MacDermot KD (2001) Neuropathic pain in Anderson-Fabry disease: pathology and therapeutic options. Eur J Pharmacol 429: 121–125
McIntosh N, Smith A (1995) Thermal injury in childhood: effects on the hormonal regulation of water balance and the management of pain. In: Aynsley Green A, Ward Platt MP, Lloyd-Thomas AR (eds) Bailliere’s clinical paediatrics. International practice and research. Stress and pain in infancy and childhood. Bailliere Tindal, London, S 547–560
Manterola C, Vial M, Moraga J, Astudillo P (2011) Analgesia in patients with acute abdominal pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD005660
Mantzke US, Brambrink AM (2002) Paracetamol im Kindesalter: Aktueller Wissensstand und Hinweise für einen rationalen Einsatz zur postoperativen Analgesie. Anaesthesist 51: 735–746
Meyer O, Gaedicke G, Salama A (1999) Demonstration of drug-dependent antibodies in two patients with neutrophenia and successful treatment with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. Transfusion (Paris) 39: 527–530
Moore N, Vanganse E, Leparc JM, Wall R, Schneid H, Farhan M, Verrière F, Pelen F (1999) The PAIN study: paracetamol, aspirin and ibuprofen new tolerability study: a large-scale, randomised clinical trial comparing the tolerability of aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol for short-term analgesia. Clin Drug Invest 18: 89–98
Nguyen DK, Genarioti-Belanger S, Vanasse M (1999) Pain and the Guillain-Barre [combining acute accent] syndrome in children under 6 years old. J Pediatr 134: 773–776
O‘Brien JF, Meade JL, Falk JL (1993) Dexamethasone as adjuvant therapy for severe acute pharyngitis. Ann Emerg Med 22: 212–215
Olafsdottir E, Forshei S, Fluge G, Markestad T (2001) Randomised controlled trial of infantile colic treated with chiropractic spinal manipulation. Arch Dis Child 84: 138–141
Orellana Silva M, Yanez V, Hidalgo G, Valenzuela F, Saavedra R (2013) 5 % lidocaine medicated plaster use in children with neuropathic pain from burn sequelae. Pain Med 14: 422–429
Parry IS, Bagley A, Kawada J, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL (2012) Commercially available interactive video games in burn rehabilitation: Therapeutic potential. Burns 38: 493–500
Rainsford KD, Roberts SC, Brown S (1997) Ibuprofen and paracetamol: relative safety in non-prescription dosages. J Pharm Pharmacol 49: 345–376
Ramaswami U, Wendt S, Pintos-Morell G, Parini R, Whybra C, Leon Leal JA, Santus F, Beck M (2007) Enzyme replacement therapy with agalsidase alfa in children with Fabry disease. Acta Paediatr 96: 122–127
Raquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams JS, Staiano A, Walker LS (2006) Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent. Gastroenterology 130: 1527–1537
Ries M, Wendrich K, Whybra C, Kampmann C, Gal A, Beck M (2001) Angiokeratoma and pain, but not Fabry’s disease: considerations for differential diagnosis. Contrib Nephrol 136: 256–259
Robert R, Brack A, Blakeney P, Villarreal C, Rosenberg L, Thomas C, Meyer WJ 3rd (2003) A double-blind study of the analgesic efficacy of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate and oral morphine in pediatric patients undergoing burn dressing change and tubbing. J Burn Care Rehabil 24: 351–355
Saps M, Youssef N, Miranda A, Nurko S, Hyman P, Di Lorenzo C (2009) Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Amitriptyline in Children With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Gastroenterology 137(4): 1261–1269
Sattout A, Jenner R (2008 Feb 1) Bet 1. The role of topical analgesia in acute otitis media. Emerg Med J 25: 103–104
Savino F, Castagno E, Bretto R, Brondello C, Palumeri E, Oggero R (2005) A prospective 10-year study on children who had severe infantile colic. Acta Paediatr 94: 129–132
Saxe G, Stoddard F, Courtney D, Cunningham K, Chawla N, Sheridan RL, King D, King L (2001) Relationship Between Acute Morphine and the Course of PTSD in Children With Burns. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40: 915–921
Schachtel BP, Thoden WR (1993) A placebo-controlled model for assaying systemic analgesics in children. Clin Pharmacol Ther 53: 593–601
Schiffmann R, Kopp JB, Austin HA, Sabnis S, Moore DF, Weibel T, Balow JE, Brady RO (2001) Enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease. JAMA 285: 2743–2749
Sharar SR, Bratton SL, Garrougher MN, Edwards WT, Summer G, Levy FH, Cortiella J (1998) A comparison of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate and oral hydromorphone for inpatient pediatric burn wound care analgesia. J Burn Care Rehabil 19: 516–521
Sharwood LN, Babl FE (2009) The efficacy and effect of opioid analgesia in undifferentiated abdominal pain in children: a review of four studies. Paediatr Anaesth 19: 445–451
Sheridan RL, Stoddard F, Querzoli E (2001) Management of background pain and anxiety in critically burned children requiring protracted mechanical ventilation. J Burn CareRes 22: 150–153
Sheridan RL, Stoddard FJ, Kazis LE, Lee A, Li NC, Kagan RJ, Palmieri TL, Meyer WJ 3rd, Nicolai M, Stubbs TK, Chan G, Hinson MI, Herndon DN, Tompkins RG; Multi-Center Benchmarking Study (2014) Long-term posttraumatic stress symptoms vary inversely with early opiate dosing in children recovering from serious burns: Effects durable at 4 years. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 76: 828–832
Sil S, Dahlquist LM, Burns AJ (2013) Case study: videogame distraction reduces behavioral distress in a preschool-aged child undergoing repeated burn dressing changes: a single-subject design. J Pediatr Psychol 38: 330–341
Silver S, Gano D, Gerretsen P (2008) Acute treatment of paediatric migraine: A meta-analysis of efficacy. J Paediatr Child Health 44: 3–9
Sung V, Collett S, de Gooyer T, Hiscock H, Tang M, Wake M (2013) Probiotics to prevent or treat excessive infant crying: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA pediatrics 167: 1150–1157
Sung V, Hiscock H, Tang ML, Mensah FK, Nation ML, Satzke C, Heine RG, Stock A, Barr RG, Wake M (2014) Treating infant colic with the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri: double blind, placebo controlled randomised trial. BMJ, doi: 10.1136/bmj.g2107
Tait AR, Voepel-Lewis T, Malviya S (2004) Factors that influence parents’ assessments of the risks and benefits of research involving their children. Pediatrics 113: 727–732
Teele DW, Klein JO, Rosner B, Bratton L, Fisch GR, Mathieu OR, Porter PJ, Starobin SG, Tarlin LD, Younes RP (1983) Middle ear disease and the practice of pediatrics. Burden during the first five years of life. JAMA 249: 1026–1029
Tosun Z, Esmaoglu A, Coruh A (2008) Propofol-ketamine vs propofol-fentanyl combinations for deep sedation and analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing burn dressing changes. Paediatr Anaesth 18: 43–47
Tsuboi K, Yamamoto H (2014) Clinical course of patients with Fabry disease who were switched from agalsidase-[beta] to agalsidase-[alpha]. Genet Med, doi: 10.1038/gim.2014.28
Uçeyler N, Kahn AK, Kramer D, Zeller D, Casanova-Molla J, Wanner C, Weidemann F, Katsarava Z, Sommer C (2013) Impaired small fiber conduction in patients with Fabry disease: a neurophysiological case-control study. BMC neurology 13: 47
Uçeyler N, Ganendiran S, Kramer D, Sommer C (2014) Characterization of Pain in Fabry Disease. Clin J Pain 30: 915–920
Ulinski T, Guigonis V, Dunan O, Bensman A (2004) Acute renal failure after treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eur J Pediatr 163: 148–150
Van Buchem FL, Peeters MF, Van’t Hof MA (1985) Acute otitis media: a new treatment strategy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 290: 1033–1037
Veltri JC, Rollins DE (1988) A comparison of the frequency and severity of poisoning cases for ingestion of acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen. Am J Emerg Med 6: 104–107
Venekamp RP, Sanders S, Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB, Rovers MM (2013) Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 31: CD000219
Wade S (2006) Infantile Colic. Clin Evid 15: 439–447
Wade S, Kilgour T (2001) Extracts from "Clinical Evidence": Infantile colic. BMJ 323: 437–440
Weidemann F, Niemann M, Störk S, Breunig F, Beer M, Sommer C, Herrmann S, Ertl G, Wanner C (2013) Long-term outcome of enzyme-replacement therapy in advanced Fabry disease: evidence for disease progression towards serious complications. J Intern Med 274:331–341
Weisman SJ, Bernstein B, Schechter NL (1998) Consequences of inadequate analgesia during painful procedures in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 152: 147–149
Wessel MA, Cobb JC, Jackson EB, Harris Jr GS, Detwiler AC (1954) Paroxysmal fussing in infancy, sometimes called" colic". Pediatrics 14: 421–435
White MC, Karsli C (2007) Long-term use of an intravenous ketamine infusion in a child with significant burns. Paediatr Anaesth 17: 1102–1104
Wiberg JMM, Nordsteen J, Nilsson N (1999) The short-term effect of spinal manipulation in the treatment of infantile colic: a randomized controlled clinical trial with a blinded observer. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 22: 517–522
Williams J, Watkins-Jones R (1984) Dicyclomine: worrying symptoms associated with its use in some small babies. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 288: 901
Wilson JT, Brown RD, Kearns GL, Eichler VF, Johnson VA, Bertrand KM, Lowe BA (1991) Single-dose, placebo-controlled comparative study of ibuprofen and acetaminophen antipyresis in children. J Pediatr 119: 803–811
Woldman S (1998) Treating ear pain in children with acute otitis media. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 152: 102
Zernikow B, Hechler T (2008) Schmerztherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Dtsch Arztebl 105: 511–522
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zernikow, B., Michel, E. (2015). Schmerztherapie in der Allgemeinpädiatrie. In: Zernikow, B. (eds) Schmerztherapie bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45057-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45057-4_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45056-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45057-4
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)