Abstract
Fractures of the scapula are rare injuries and mainly result from a severe direct force to the shoulder and thorax. They are, therefore, often found in the multiply injured patient. As the major parts of the scapula are enveloped by muscles which act as a splint, most fractures of this bone are minimally displaced and may be treated nonoperatively.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Armstrong CP, Van der Spuy J (1984) The fractured scapula: importance and management based on a series of 62 patients. Injury 15: 324–329
Blömer J, Muhr G, Tscherne H (1977) Ergebnisse konservativ und operativ behandelter Schlüssel¬beinbrüche. Unfallheilkunde 80: 237–242
Bone LB (1988) Fractures of the shaft of the humerus. In: Chapman M (ed) Operative orthopedics. Lippincott, Philadelphia
Foster RJ, Dixon GL, Bach AW, Appleyard RW, Green TM (1985) Internal fixation of fractures and non-unions of the humeral shaft. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 67: 857–864
Giebel G, Tscherne H, Reissmann K (1986) Die gestörte Frakturheilung am Oberarm. Unfallchirurgie 89: 353–360
Hardegger FH, Simpson LA, Weber BG (1984) The operative treatment of scapular fractures. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 66: 725–731
Hawkins RJ, Bell RH, Gurr K (1986) The three-part fracture of the proximal humerus. J Bone Joint Surg[Am] 68: 1410–1414
Heim U, Pfeiffer KM (1988) Internal fixation of small fractures, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Henry AK (1966) Extensile exposure. Livingstone, Edinburgh
Jakob RP, Kristiansen T, Mayo K, Ganz R, Müller ME (1984) Classification and aspects of treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus. In: Bateman JE, Welsh RP ( 1984 ) Surgery of the shoulder. Mosby, St Louis
Jupiter JB, Neff U, Holzach P, Allgöwer M (1985) Intercondylar fractures of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 67: 226–239
Lee CK, Hansen HR (1981) Post-traumatic avascular necrosis of the humeral head in displaced proximal humeral fractures. J Trauma 21: 788–791
Marti R, Lim TE, Jolies CW (1987) On the treatment of comminuted fracture dislocations of the proximal humerus: internal fixation or prosthetic replacement. In: Kölbel R, Helbig B, Blauth W (eds) Shoulder replacement. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Neer CS (1970) Displaced proximal humeral fractures. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 52: 1077–1103
Rüedi T (1989) The treatment of displaced metaphyseal fractures with screw and wiring systems. Ortho¬pedics 12: 55–59
Rüedi T, Chapman M (1988) Fractures of the scapula and clavicle. In: Chapman M (ed) Operative orthopedics. Lippincott, Philadelphia
Schweiberer L, Poeplau P, Gräber S (1977) Plattenosteosynthese bei Oberarmschaftfrakturen. Unfallheil¬kunde 80: 231–235
Tossi JD, Newton CM, Sigmond HD (1963) Acromic-clavicular separations: useful and practical clarifica¬tion for treatment. Clin Orthop 28: 111–119
Van der Griend R, Tomasin J, Ward EF (1986) Open reduction and internal fixation of humeral shaft fractures. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 68: 430–433
Weber BG (1988) Fractures of the distal humerus. In: Chapman M (ed) Operative orthopedics. Lippincott, Philadelphia
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rüedi, T., Schweiberer, L. (1991). Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus. In: Manual of INTERNAL FIXATION. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02695-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02695-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08091-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-02695-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive