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Pathobiochemische und pharmakologische Aspekte der Abhängigkeit

  • Chapter
Therapie von Entzugssyndromen

Zusammenfassung

Abhängigkeit wird in psychische und physische Abhängigkeit unterschieden. Der Schwerpunkt des folgenden Beitrags soll auf der Darstellung der physischen Abhängigkeit, die sich im Entzugssyndrom manifestiert, liegen. Andererseits gibt es gerade in den letzten Jahren zunehmend Untersuchungen zur Pathogenese und Pathobiochemie der psychischen Abhängigkeit. Diese verdienen eine kurze Darstellung, da die Befunde zu ersten therapeutischen Ansätzen geführt haben. Auf die neurobiologischen Mechanismen der psychischen Abhängigkeit soll nur insofern eingegangen werden, als sie zum Verständnis möglicher Behandlungsstrategien beitragen können. Medikamente zur Behandlung der psychischen Abhängigkeit, d.h. im engeren Sinn Medikamente mit der Indikation Rückfallprophylaxe, werden i. allg. als Anticraving-Substanzen bezeichnet. Das Zielsymptom ist das Alkohol- bzw. Drogenverlangen („craving“). Dieses wird als wichtigstes neurobiologisch gut untersuchbares Symptom der Abhängigkeit angesehen. Für andere Symptome, wie Beispielsweise den Kontrollverlust, haben Lernvorgänge eine so überragende Bedeutung, daß die Pathogenese als noch wesentlich komplexer angesehen wird.

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  1. H. Rommelspacher
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  2. L. G. Schmidt
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  1. Bezirkskrankenhaus, Postfach 1111, 85529, Haar, Germany

    Felix Tretter , Sabine Bussello-Spieth  & Wolfram Bender ,  & 

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Rommelspacher, H., Schmidt, L.G. (1994). Pathobiochemische und pharmakologische Aspekte der Abhängigkeit. In: Tretter, F., Bussello-Spieth, S., Bender, W. (eds) Therapie von Entzugssyndromen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78778-2_3

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