Zusammenfassung
Die Synthese der Steroidhormone erfolgt in den Nebennieren, den Ovarien, den Hoden und der Plazenta. Sie ist in diesen Organen prinzipiell gleich, Unterschiede in den Enzymexpressionen begründen jedoch die Unterschiede in der Steroidproduktion der einzelnen Organe und Organ bereiche. Steroide werden aus Cholesterin synthetisiert, das entweder in der Zelle de novo hergestellt oder über LDL-Rezeptoren aus Lipoproteinen (LDL-Cholesterin) in die Zelle aufgenommen wird. Der Syntheseweg ist in Abb. 12-1 dargestellt. Limitierender Schritt ist die Abspaltung der Seitenkette an C-Atom 20 durch ein Cytochrom-P450-Enzym (P450scc; „cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme). Das entstehende Pregnenolon ist Ausgangssteroid für die weitere Synthese der Gluco- und Mineralocorticoide. Beteiligt sind dabei insgesamt 4 Cytochrom-P450-Enzyme und die 3β-Hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase (3βHSD).
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Heilmann, P. (2001). Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron. In: Nawroth, P.P., Ziegler, R. (eds) Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56784-1_12
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