Zusammenfassung
Als Melanom wird ein maligner Tumor bezeichnet, der von der malignen Entartung der Melanozyten ausgeht. Diese dendritenähnlichen Pigmentzellen befinden sich hauptsächlich in der Basalzellreihe der Epidermis oder sind in allen histologischen Typen der Pigmentnävi angehäuft. Zwei Drittel der Melanome gehen direkt aus der Epidermis und ein Drittel aus bereits existierenden Pigmentnävi hervor. Darüber hinaus befinden sich Melanozyten auch an Schleimhäuten, Retina und weniger an den Leptomeningen, im inneren Ohr und in der Uvea des Auges. Folglich entwickeln sich 90 % der Melanome primär an der Haut (kutanes Melanom) und 10 % vorwiegend an den Schleimhäuten und im Auge [22].
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Ioannovich, I.D. (2003). Kutanes Melanom. In: Berger, A., Hierner, R. (eds) Plastische Chirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55886-3_16
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