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Ernährung

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Verbrennungschirurgie

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Zusammenfassung

Die Ernährungsunterstützung des Brandverletzten ist ein wichtiger Teil der Behandlung. Diese Unterstützung sollte möglichst rasch und physiologisch durchgeführt werden. Das heißt, eine enterale Ernährung sollte bevorzugt durchgeführt werden. Studien zeigen eine Reduktion von Mortalität und Morbidität bei enteraler Ernährung. Die Ermittlung des Energiebedarfs kann durch eine Kalorimetrie oder daran angelehnte Formeln erfolgen. Bei Kindern sollte die Schofield-, bei Erwachsenen die Toronto-Formel herangezogen werden. Entscheidend ist nicht nur die Quantität, sondern auch die Qualität der Ernährung. So sollte die Hauptenergiequelle aus Proteinen und Kohlenhydraten bestehen. Der übermäßige Einsatz von Lipiden erhöht die Mortalität. Neben den genannten Hauptenergiequellen müssen auch Vitamine und Spurenelemente in ausreichender Menge zugeführt werden. Medikamentöse Therapeutika in Form von Wachstumsfaktoren, Hormonen und Betablockern stehen zur Reduktion des kritischen Katabolismus zur Verfügung und reduzieren zeitgleich die Mortalität und Morbidität.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Plastische Chirurgie und Schwerbrandverletzte, Handchirurgiezentrum Referenzzentrum für Gliedmaßentumoren, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil Bochum Ruhr-Universität-Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789, Bochum

    Dr. med. Christoph Wallner, Priv. Doz. Dr. med. Björn Behr & Dr. med. Marcus Lehnhardt

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  1. Dr. med. Christoph Wallner
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  2. Priv. Doz. Dr. med. Björn Behr
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  3. Dr. med. Marcus Lehnhardt
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. BG-Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland

    Marcus Lehnhardt

  2. Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    Bernd Hartmann

  3. Klinikum Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Deutschland

    Bert Reichert

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Wallner, C., Behr, B., Lehnhardt, M. (2016). Ernährung. In: Lehnhardt, M., Hartmann, B., Reichert, B. (eds) Verbrennungschirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54444-6_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54444-6_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54443-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54444-6

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