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Nosokomiale Pneumonie

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Praktische Krankenhaushygiene und Umweltschutz

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Zusammenfassung

Die Pneumonie besitzt für den Krankenhaushygieniker aus klinischer, epidemiologischer und ökonomischer Sicht größte Bedeutung. Die im Krankenhaus erworbene, nosokomiale Pneumonie (angloamerikanisch „hospital-acquired pneumonia“; HAP), die beatmungsassoziierte Pneumonie („ventilator-associated pneumonia“; VAP) und die therapieassoziierte Pneumonie („healthcare-associated pneumonia“; HCAP) sind trotz der Fortschritte in der antiinfektiven und supportiven Behandlung bedeutende Ursachen einer erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität im Krankenhaus. Die nosokomiale Pneumonie (HAP) ist in Deutschland die zweithäufigste Krankenhausinfektion. Auf deutschen Intensivstationen erhebt das Krankenhaus-Infektions-Surveillance-System (KISS) mithilfe der CDC-Definition kontinuierlich aktuelle Daten zu HAP, nach denen die Pneumonie die häufigste Infektion auf der Intensivstation ist (Kohlenberg et al. 2010). Es ist an dieser Stelle wichtig zu erwähnen, dass die Inzidenz der VAP je nach Definition stark variieren kann. In einer Studie an 255 Patienten, die mehr als 48 Stunden intubiert waren, konnte eine Variabilität der VAP-Inzidenz von 4–48 % nachgewiesen werden, wenn verschiedene Definitionen eingesetzt wurden (Minei et al. 2000).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sektion Krankenhaus- und Umwelthygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Uwe Frank

  2. Klinikum Konstanz, Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Luisenstr. 7, 78464, Konstanz, Deutschland

    Wolfgang Krüger

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  1. Uwe Frank
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  1. Gesundheitsverbund Landkreis Konstanz, Institut für Krankenhaushygiene & Infektionsprävention, Radolfzell, Germany

    Markus Dettenkofer

  2. Sektion Krankenhaus- und Umwelthygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Uwe Frank

  3. Inst. für Klinikhygiene, Klinikum Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany

    Heinz-Michael Just

  4. Zentralbereich für Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany

    Sebastian Lemmen

  5. Stabsstelle Techn. Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Martin Scherrer

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  1. Institut für Krankenhaushygiene & Infektionsprävention, Gesundheitsverbund Landkreis Konstanz, Hausherrenstr. 12, 78315, Radolfzell, Deutschland

    Markus Dettenkofer

  2. Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324 (Hygieneinstitut), 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Martin Scherrer

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Frank, U., Krüger, W. (2018). Nosokomiale Pneumonie. In: Dettenkofer, M., Frank, U., Just, HM., Lemmen, S., Scherrer, M. (eds) Praktische Krankenhaushygiene und Umweltschutz. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40600-3_5

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