Zusammenfassung
Die Kenntnisse über die genetische Variabilität und daraus folgende molekularbiologische Prozesse der Nozizeption erlauben ein zunehmend besseres Verständnis sowohl der Entstehung des Schmerzes als auch der analgetischen Therapie. So tragen genetische Faktoren zum Risiko der Bandscheibendegeneration mit bis zu 35 % bei, sind jedoch nur zu einem kleinen Teil auch mit Rückenschmerzen assoziiert. Zu Rückenschmerzen liegen für Varianten der GTP-Cyclohydrolase 1 die stärksten belastbaren Daten vor. Für die analgetische Wirkung von Opioiden und NSAIDs dagegen bestehen eindeutige Assoziationen zu genetischen Varianten jedoch nur in wenigen Fällen. Ein Beispiel ist der polymorphe Metabolismus von Codein. Für die personalisierte Therapie des Schmerzes bedarf es vielmehr eines systempharmakologischen Ansatzes, der genomweite Daten, Medikation und die Charakterisierung des individuellen Phänotyps einschließt.
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Cascorbi, I. (2016). Genetik. In: Casser, HR., Hasenbring, M., Becker, A., Baron, R. (eds) Rückenschmerzen und Nackenschmerzen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29775-5_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29775-5_7
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