Abstract
These are the most frequent type of arteriovenous fistulas and are characterized by a direct shunt between the intracavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the surrounding venous plexus of the cavernous sinus. The pathogenesis is commonly a rupture of the artery and vein, after a penetrating or blunt trauma. Spontaneous fistulas can occur: these are commonly due to a rupture of an intracavernous aneurysm, frequently linked to an associated angiodysplasia: fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD, neurofibromatosis, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Fistulas resulting from spontaneous dissection of the ICA have been reported (Bradac et al. 1985), and fistulas arising from laceration of the artery during transsphenoidal surgery can also occur.
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Bradac, G.B. (2011). Arteriovenous Fistulas. In: Cerebral Angiography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15678-6_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15678-6_14
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