Skip to main content

Physiologie und Pathophysiologie

  • Chapter
Kinderanästhesie
  • 2814 Accesses

Auszug

Das Wachstum des Fetus vollzieht sich hauptsächlich gegen Ende der Schwangerschaft. Zwischen der 28. und 40. SSW verdreifacht sich die Körpermasse von 1 auf 3 kg. Während der letzten Schwangerschaftswochen nehmen Glykogen- und Fettvorrat stark zu, weshalb Frühgeborene eine Hungerperiode schlechter überstehen als reife Kinder (⊡ Abb. 3.1, 3.2 und ⊡ Tab. 3.1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 19.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Baum VC, Palmisano BW (1997) The immature heart and anesthesia. Anesthesiology 87: 1529–1548

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beding-Barnekow B, Stigmar G (1993) Retinopathy of prematurity in the southern part of Sweden. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 210: S48–S51

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein D (2004) The cardiovascular system. In: Behrman RE (ed) Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 1485

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenner W, Edelmann D, Hendrix C (1976) A standard for fetal growth for the United States of America. Am J Obstet Gynecol 126: 555

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ceruti E (1966) Chemoreceptor reflexes in the newborn infant: effect of cooling on the response to hypoxia. Pediatrics 37: 556–564

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colan SD, Parness IA, Spevak PJ et al. (1992) Developmental modulation of myocardial mechanics: age-and growth-related alterations in afterload and contractility. J Am Coll Cardiol 19: 619–629

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crone RK, Sorensen GK, Orr RJ (1991) Anaesthesia for the neonate. Can J Anaesth 38: 105–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Swiet M, Fayers P, Shineborn EF (1980) Systolic blood pressure in a population of infants in the first year of life: The Brompton study. Pediatrics 65: 1028–1034

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott P and the Intersalt Cooperative Research Group (1988) Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. BMJ 297: 319–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engle WD, Laptook AR, Perlman JM (1999) Acute changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension and acid-base status and early neurologic characteristics in term infants following perinatal asphyxia. Resuscitation 42: 11–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson SJ, Grauaug A, Gurrin L et al. (2002) Hypocarbia in the ventilated preterm infant and its effect on intraventricular haemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Paediatr Child Health 38: 560–562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flynn JT et al. (1992) A cohort study of transcutaneous oxygen tension and the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity. N Engl J Med 326: 1050–1054

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gairdner D, Hull D (1971) Recent Advances in Pediatrics. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh London New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory (1989) Pediatric Anesthesia (2nd ed). Churchill Livingstone, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruskin A, Edelmann C, Yuan S (1970) Maturational changes in renal blood flow in piglets. Pediatr Res 4: 7–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guyton L (1996) Textbook of medical physiology. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamill PVV, Drizd TA, Johnson CI et al. (1979) Physical growth: National Center for Health Statistics. Am J Clin Nutrit 32: 607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammarlund K, Sedin G (1979) Transepidermal water loss in newborn infants in relation to gestational age. Acta Paediatr Scand 68: 795–799

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hardman JG, Wills JS (2006) The development of hypoxaemia during apnoea in children: a computational modelling investigation. Br J Anaesth 97: 564–570

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris P, Heath D (1977) The human pulmonary circulation. Churchill Livingstone, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Huehns ER, Shooter EM (1965) Human hemoglobins J Med Genet 2: 48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingimarsson J, Thorsteinsson A, Larsson A et al. (2000) Lung and chest wall mechanics in anesthetized children. Influence of body position. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162: 412–417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamlin CO, O’Donnell CP, Davis PG et al. (2006) Oxygen saturation in healthy infants immediately after birth. J Pediatr 148: 585–589

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kappy MS, Ganong CA (1996) Cerebral salt wasting in children: the role of atrial natriuretic hormone. Advances in Pediatrics 43: 271–308

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley S, Bohn D (1992) The use of inotropic and afterload-reducing agents in Neonates. Clin Perinatol 15: 467–489

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinouchi K, Fukumitsu K, Tashiro C et al. (1995) Duration of apnea in anesthetized infants and children required for desaturation of hemoglobin to 95%: comparison of three different breathing gases. Paediatr Anaesth 5: 115–119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinouchi K, Tanigami H, Tashiro C et al. (1992) Duration of apnea in anesthetized infants and children required for desaturation of hemoglobin to 95%. The influence of upper respiratory infection. Anesthesiology 77: 1105–1107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kresch MJ, Groß I (1987) The biochemistry of fetal lung development. Clin Perinatol 14: 481–507

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Wabitsch M, Kunze D et al. (2001) Perzentile für den Body-mass-Index für das Kindes-und Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher Stichproben. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 149: 807–818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuipers IM, Maertzdorf WJ, De Jong DS et al. (1997) The effect of hypercapnia and hypercapnia associated with central cooling on breathing in unanesthetized fetal lambs. Pediatr Res 41: 90–95

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindahl SG (1989) Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide elimination in infants and children during anaesthesia and surgery. Br J Anaesth 62: 70–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson JF, Pesce MA (2004) Reference ranges for laboratory tests. In: Behrman RE (ed) Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 2410–2411

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunn JF (1993) Applied respiratory physiology. Butterworths, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Oski AF (1993) The eryhtrocyte and ist disorders In: Nathan DG Oski AF (ed) Hematology of infancy and childhood. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Polgar G, Weng TR (1979) The functional development of the respiratory system from the period of gestation to adulthood. Am Rev Respir Dis 120: 625–695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudolph AM (2001) Congenital diseases of the heart. Yearbook Medical Publishers, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Saugstad OD (2001) Is oxygen more toxic than currently believed? Pediatrics 108: 1203–1205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scopes J, Ahmed I (1966) Range of critical temperatures in sick and premature newborn babies. Arch Dis Child 41: 417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorsteinsson A, Larsson A, Jonmarker C et al. (1994) Pressure-volume relations of the respiratory system in healthy children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150: 421–430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vento M, Asensi M, Sastre J et al. (2003) Oxidative stress in asphyxiated term infants resuscitated with 100% oxygen. J Pediatr 142: 240–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Versmold HT (1981) Aortic blood pressure in the first twelve hours of life in infants with birth weight 610–4220 g. Pediatrics 67: 607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winters RW (1973) The body fluids in pediatrics. Little Brown, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright A, Handler PH, Smith EL (1968) Principles of biochemistry. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2009). Physiologie und Pathophysiologie. In: Kinderanästhesie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92972-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92972-7_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-92971-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-92972-7

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics